| Summary: | Polar winter in the Arctic can last as long as 6 months each year at high latitude. During this period, no light is available for photoautotrophic growth. Nevertheless, when light returns in spring, a sea-ice algae and phytoplankton bloom develops in the surface ocean layers. Therefore, the following questions can be asked: How do photoautotrophic communities (mainly diatoms) survive through winter darkness until light returns in spring? What are the physiological mechanisms underlying such survival? Our goal was to understand the acclimation processes at stake in both darkness and during the return to light by closely looking at the changes in intra-cellular content and functional capacity of a polar sea-ice diatom, Fragilariopsis cylindrus. We measured a set of parameters at specific time-points: the first days and first weeks up to 3 months of darkness, and the first hours up to 6 days upon return to light. This set included cell number and cytometry, cellular carbon and nitrogen quotas, lipid and pigment contents, fluorescence determinations, photosynthetic proteins (D1, RUBISCO), photosynthetic parameters and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). A rather stable state was reached few days following transition to dark and was maintained throughout until the return of light: stable cell size and number, low energy reserve consumption, slow decrease of photosynthetic pigments and very low photosynthetic capacities. Subsequent transition to light after 1.5 months induced strong NPQ activity and reassembly/renewal of photosynthetic components, followed by metabolic recovery and cell growth. Transition after 3 months showed a much slower recovery and no cell growth, highlighting the increase of potential mortality with longer periods of darkness. Durant l’hiver en Arctique, les algues de glace et le phytoplancton passent près de 6 mois à l’obscurité totale avant que les conditions pour la croissance soient optimales au printemps. Comment les algues polaires, composées principalement de diatomées, réussissent-elles ...
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