| Summary: | Heat sources induced by road construction are likely to affect the thermal regime of underlying permafrost and cause significant damage. On the Alaska Highway in Yukon (Canada), instability problems have been observed and some are located close to culverts. Culverts allow free water and air circulation through the buried pipe. Thus, additional thermal disturbances occur at that location. In addition, poor water management around the embankment exacerbates instabilities. To document these disturbances, two culverts were monitored; one is located at the Beaver Creek test site and the second is close to the U.S Border. Air temperature within and soil temperatures around the culverts were recorded for one year, while water temperature and flow rate were recorded during two thawing seasons. The data collection allowed the design of a 2D model in TEMP/W representing thermal conditions around the Beaver Creek culvert. Then, these data were used to validate an established mathematical model based on the physical principles of heat transfer. The mathematical model calculates the heat flux transmitted to the ground as a function of water temperature and flow rate. Subsequently, variations of flow rate and water temperature were applied to the mathematical model. The corresponding heat fluxes were applied to the 2D thermal model in TEMP/W to determine the influence of flow rate and water temperature on soil temperatures below the culvert. Similar simulations were conducted with design parameters, such as the presence or absence of the insulation. This thesis 1) enhanced knowledge of the effects of flow rate and water temperature through a culvert on the soil thermal regime; 2) documented the thermal regime around culverts; and 3) studied the influence of flow rate and water temperature on the thermal regime. Finally, a drainage system design method is presented which aims to minimize the impact of a culvert on the thaw depth. L’apport de chaleur induit par les constructions routières est susceptible d’affecter le régime ...
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