| Summary: | This thesis studies the system erosion-transport-sedimentation in a thermokastic area, in a context of warming climate. The study area encompasses the catchment of the Sheldrake River, 5 km north of the village Umiujaq, Nunavik, and a 15 km2 area off its mouth, in the Nastapoka Sound, in Hudson Bay. Three main axes are considered: 1- study of permafrost conditions and quantitative estimate of the volumes and masses of eroded sediment and organic carbon at the scale of the catchment; 2- measurements of the hydrological and sedimentary regime of the main vector of transport, the Sheldrake River; 3- bathymetry, sedimentology and measurements of mineral and organic inputs in the coastal marine environment, off the river mouth. In the Sheldrake River catchment, permafrost has considerably degraded during the last 50 years, particularly in the forested tundra. Subsidence of lithalsas, palsas, permafrost plateaus and peat plateaus leads to the formation of thermokarst ponds. Many landslides and erosion gullies are also active and favor inputs of sediments in the fluvial network. Because of permafrost decay, hydrological connectivity increases, facilitating evacuation of sediment and carbon through the river. In this thermokarstic environment, the fluvial sedimentary load in suspension is more important during summer when high air temperatures provoke soils thawing, favoring frostboils activation and triggering of landslides. Summer rainfalls allow sediment transport and evacuation in Hudson Bay. Once in the sea, the sediments and carbon in suspension are dispersed because of the intensity of the marine currents in the Nastapoka Sounds. This results in an absence of a measurable increase of sedimentation rates. However, the isotopic composition of sedimentary carbon shows that the terrestrial fraction has increased since the Little Ice Age and that this trend has significantly accelerated since the end of the 20th century. It is suggested that permafrost decay contributes to this increase, although it is not the only ...
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