L'origine périglaciaire et son influence sur les écosystèmes thermokarstiques au Nunavik : analyse des communautés d'algues silicieuses

The rapid warming increases the degradation and melting of permafrost in subarctic and arctic regions of northern Canada and accelerates the formation of thermokarst ponds. The structure and dynamics of freshwater ecosystems remain little known and little studied. In the context of ADAPT (Arctic Dev...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Proult, Valentin
Other Authors: Pienitz, Reinhard, Vincent, Warwick F.
Format: Thesis
Language:French
Published: Université Laval 2014
Subjects:
geo
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25220
Description
Summary:The rapid warming increases the degradation and melting of permafrost in subarctic and arctic regions of northern Canada and accelerates the formation of thermokarst ponds. The structure and dynamics of freshwater ecosystems remain little known and little studied. In the context of ADAPT (Arctic Development and Adaptation to Permafrost in Transition) project, the main objective of this research is to analyze in thermokarst ponds Nunavik communities siliceous algae (diatom). Periphytic forms that colonize different substrates in and around these ponds and planktonic species living in the water column are the two most specifically targeted groups of algae. The current composition of diatom communities is illustrated in this work, and it appears to be a pioneer study in this kind of ecosystem in Nunavik. Assembliages were analyzed according to their association with different ecological niches from four sites along a latitudinal and ecoclimatic gradient in northwestern Quebec. This analysis is performed in order to establish and quantify the relationships between species and environmental parameters in the studied environments. Les changements climatiques actuels accentuent de plus en plus la dégradation et la fonte du pergélisol dans les régions subarctiques et arctiques du Nord du Canada, accélérant ainsi la formation de mares thermokarstiques. La structure et la dynamique de ces écosystèmes d'eau douce restent peu connues et peu étudiées. Dans le cadre du projet ADAPT (Arctic Development and Adaptation to Permafrost in Transition), l’objectif principal de cette recherche est d'analyser dans les mares de thermokarst du Nunavik les communautés d'algues siliceuses (diatomées). Les formes périphytiques qui colonisent les différents substrats dans et autour de ces mares ainsi que les espèces planctoniques vivant dans la colonne d'eau sont les deux groupes d'algues plus particulièrement ciblées. La composition actuelle des communautés diatomifères est illustrée dans ce travail et s’affiche comme étude pionnière dans ...