Effet du couvert nival, de la nourriture et de la prédation hivernale sur la dynamique de population des lemmings
Lemmings are renowned for their multi-annual population cycles. Yet, what controls these cycles is still poorly understood. There are large gaps in our understanding of their winter ecology and a snow cover of good quality is thought to be an important factor for maintaining the cyclic dynamic of le...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | French |
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Université Laval
2013
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24910 |
| Summary: | Lemmings are renowned for their multi-annual population cycles. Yet, what controls these cycles is still poorly understood. There are large gaps in our understanding of their winter ecology and a snow cover of good quality is thought to be an important factor for maintaining the cyclic dynamic of lemming populations. We first enhanced snow cover by setting out snow fences and found that densities of winter nests were higher where snow depth was increased but that reproduction was not influenced. We then used an 18-year time series of brown lemming (Lemmus trimucronatus) abundance to test if snow variables could explain the residual variation between the observed lemming density and the one predicted by models where cyclicity had been accounted for. Our analysis provides support for the hypothesis that snow cover can affect the amplitude of lemming population cycles. Summer abundance of lemmings was higher following winters with a deep snow cover and a low-density snow pack near the ground. In addition, we attempted to live trap lemmings under the snow in their preferred winter habitat using chimney-like boxes. We hypothesize that our low trapping success resulted from lemmings leaving the deeper snow areas where our boxes were located and moving to shallower snow or exposed tundra due to an inversion of sub-nivean temperatures in spring. We also examined if winter food resources could limit lemming populations by installing exclosures in their preferred habitat and sampling annually plant biomass inside and outside exclosures at snow-melt and at peak growth. Winter grazing had little impact on total plant biomass at snow-melt. Overall, plant regrowth during the summer showed few annual variation and was not reduced in years of high lemming abundance. Our results suggest that it is unlikely that food depletion during winter was the cause of the decline in lemming abundance following a year of peak abundance. We then tested if snow quality should affect mammalian predation rates on lemmings and found that deep and ... |
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