Diatom composition and fluxes over the Northwind Ridge, western Arctic Ocean: impact of marine surface circulation and sea ice distribution

• Published in: Progress in Oceanography
• Main Authors: Ren, Jian, Chen, Jianfang, Bai, Youcheng, Sicre, Marie-Alexandrine, Yao, Zhixiong, Lin, Long, Zhang, Jingjing, Li, Hongliang, Wu, Bin, Jin, Haiyan, Ji, Zhongqiang, Zhuang, Yanpei, Li, Yangjie
• Other Authors: Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics (SOED), State Oceanic Administration (SOA)
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2020
• Subjects: Northwind Ridge; Sea ice; Pacific water inflow; Beaufort Gyre; Diatoms; Sediment trap; Chukchi Sea; envir; geo; Arctic; Arctic Ocean; Pacific; Chukchi; Phytoplankton
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2020.102377; https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-02862758/file/Ren_et%20al_PO_accepted.pdf; https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-02862758

International audience Over the last decades, the western Arctic Ocean has undergone unprecedented environmental changes. However, long-term in situ observations of marine phytoplankton are still rare and therefore insufficient to fully characterize their evolutionary trends. This study investigated the diatom fluxes and composition in sediment trap material collected from the Northwind Ridge, western Arctic Ocean, from August 2008 to September 2009. Our data showed that Chaetoceros resting spores were the predominant species, accounting for >40% of the diatom composition. The sea ice diatom group, which included Fossula arctica, Fragilariopsis cylindrus and F. oceanica, dominated the rest of the assemblage throughout the observation period. While diatom fluxes in winter were extremely low, higher flux values were found in summer, and summer 2009 flux values were twice as high as those in 2008. The high total mass and diatom fluxes in summer 2009 were attributed to the combined effect of a weakened Beaufort Gyre, a strengthened Pacific water inflow (PWI) and the distribution pattern of the sea ice. The higher levels of coastal diatoms and terrigenous proxies in summer 2009 were consistent with the intensified PWI. Sea ice diatoms and sea ice biomarker IP25 fluxes were both high during the sea ice melting season and were significantly correlated with each other (r2 = 0.64, p < 0.01). Our data also suggest that sea ice diatoms are prone to selective dissolution in the water column and sediments, implying the existence of biases in diatom assemblage data and subsequently in paleoceanographic reconstructions.