| Summary: | Sturgeon farming is long and mainly directed toward the caviar production from oocytes. To increase aquaculture productivity, it is advantageous to raise females with little stress and in a good health status and welfare. Indeed, the energy allocation during fish development between different physiological compartments (growth, immunity, allostasis, reproduction) partly determines the growth rate, the risk of disease as well as the quantity and quality of oocytes. This thesis deals with biomarkers of cellular stress response, immunity and oxidative stress to assess stress, health and welfare of sturgeon. An experimental design designed to produce a gradient of welfare conditions which is based on a dietary supplementation and a stress is presented and data analysis using uni- and multivariate analyzes is discussed. These results are also placed in a broader context from experiments in aquaculture conditions.While it is interesting to raised sturgeon in good welfare, it is also relevant to select females as soon as possible. Currently, it's necessary to wait several years before moving male to the flesh production and to continue the raising of females until caviar production. Indeed, gonads of juveniles are indistinguishable and there is no sexual dimorphism. Meanwhile the sex of sturgeon is certainly determined by genetics and this thesis presents several methodologies to identify a genetic sex marker exploitable on three month old juveniles. L'élevage de l'esturgeon est long et principalement orienté vers la production de caviar issu des ovocytes. Afin d'accroître la productivité des aquacultures, il est avantageux de maintenir les femelles avec un minimum de stress et dans un bon état de santé et de bien-être. En effet, l'allocation énergétique durant le développement des poissons entre les différents compartiments physiologiques (croissance, immunité, allostasie, reproduction) déterminera en partie le taux de croissance, le risque de maladies ou encore la quantité et la qualité d'ovocytes produits. Cette ...
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