Bien commun et souveraineté étatique : la dispute autour du Spitzberg

Discovered during the Modern Era, the Spitzberg, today called the Svalbard, was a diplomatic dispute for over three centuries. Lost in the Arctic ice, this archipelago solidified the rivalry between European maritime and Arctic powers and required a legal conclusion to the conflict. How did the Spit...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Carlet, Fabien
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:French
Published: 2016
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=BIPR1_044_0031
Description
Summary:Discovered during the Modern Era, the Spitzberg, today called the Svalbard, was a diplomatic dispute for over three centuries. Lost in the Arctic ice, this archipelago solidified the rivalry between European maritime and Arctic powers and required a legal conclusion to the conflict. How did the Spitzberg Treaty succeed in combining 19th and 20th century strong nationalist egotism with international openness while preserving economic and scientific activities with this terra nullius? Archipel arctique découvert au début de l’époque moderne, le Spitzberg, aujourd’hui appelé Svalbard, fut l’objet d’un contentieux diplomatique pendant plus de trois siècles. Territoire prisonnier des glaces, il cristallisa les rivalités des puissances maritimes et arctiques européennes nécessitant la définition d’un statut juridique. Comment le Traité du Spitzberg a-t-il pu associer les égotismes nationaux exacerbés aux xixe et xxe siècles et la préservation d’un territoire internationalement ouvert à toute activité économique et scientifique et considéré comme terre sans maître ?