| Summary: | The growth of human activities causes significant emissions of gaseous and particulate species in the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases contribute to increase the average global temperature, it’s called anthropogenic forcing. This temperature increase modifies the various components of the Earth’s climate system. In this thesis, the atmosphere is our topic of interest. The objective of this thesis is to answer two questions on a multidisciplinary basis: (1) can anthropogenic radiative forcing influences atmospheric circulation and more specifically, its variability? (2) And can it affects the spatial distribution of pollutants? This work is based on the comparison of two periods: one from 1960 to 1989 representing the climate without scenarios forcing; the other from 2070 to 2099 considering different scenarios of anthropogenic forcing. The first step is to characterize the atmospheric circulation variability, in wintertime, from the 500 hPa geopotential height at North Atlantic and European scale. The main structures of variability we studied are the so-called modes of variability and weather regimes. In our study, the scenarios do not change their structure in space but rather their frequency of occurrence and mean residence time. The second step concerns modeling of air quality over the French Northern region. Analysis of simulations reveals that actual and future concentrations of particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide increase, but no direct correlation between changes of variability modes and spatial distribution of pollutants is detected. Le développement des activités humaines a engendré et engendre encore d’importants rejets d’espèces gazeuses et particulaires dans l’atmosphère. Parmi ces rejets, des gaz à effet de serre contribuent à augmenter la température moyenne du globe, on parle de forçage anthropique. Cette élévation impacte les différentes composantes du système climatique. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à l’atmosphère. La thèse, pluridisciplinaire, cherche à répondre à deux questions : ...
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