Palais du Meshouar (Tlemcen, Algérie) : couleurs des zellijs et tracés de décors du xive siècle
The archeological survey of a 14-15th century house in Tlemcen was use as a support for a multidisciplinary study of its zellij decorations. The objective was to characterize, for this moment of the Islamic Middle Age, a technical knowledge, to highlight trade relative to the supply of pigments, and...
| Published in: | ArchéoSciences |
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
| Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
| Language: | French |
| Published: |
Presses universitaires de Rennes
2019
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.4000/archeosciences.6947 http://journals.openedition.org/archeosciences/6947 |
| Summary: | The archeological survey of a 14-15th century house in Tlemcen was use as a support for a multidisciplinary study of its zellij decorations. The objective was to characterize, for this moment of the Islamic Middle Age, a technical knowledge, to highlight trade relative to the supply of pigments, and also to analyze the geometrical compositions of these ornaments. The study of plans revealed the existence of modules which structure all the ornamental motives. These take place in the art developed at the same time in the western Islamic world but present however particularities: changes of scales, arrangement of the polychromy. The chemical analyses on five defined types revealed a long durability in the composition of the ceramic support as well as in the nature of chromogenes and what whatever are the motives and their dating. Only the black color presents variability in the employment of the iron and manganese. The set of glazes is plumbiferous, whereas the oxide of tin, used on a rather important percentage, characterizes maybe workshops of Tlemcen. This search establishes a first study on a relatively important number of samples and can serve as comparisons for further works. La demeure des xive-xve siècles mise au jour à Tlemcen a servi de support à une étude pluridisciplinaire des décors de zellij. L’objectif était de caractériser, pour ce moment du Moyen Âge maghrébin islamique, un savoir-faire technique, de mettre en lumière des échanges commerciaux relatifs à l’approvisionnement des pigments, et aussi d’analyser les compositions géométriques de ces décors. L’étude des tracés a mis en lumière l’existence de modules qui structurent tous les motifs décoratifs. Ceux-ci s’inscrivent dans l’art développé, à la même époque, dans le monde islamique occidental mais présentent toutefois des particularités : changements d’échelles, disposition de la polychromie. Les analyses chimiques sur les cinq types définis ont mis en lumière une grande permanence dans la composition du support céramique ainsi que dans la ... |
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