Global biogeographical pattern of swallowtail diversification demonstrates alternative colonization routes in the Northern and Southern hemispheres

• Published in: Journal of Biogeography
• Main Authors: Condamine, Fabien, Sperling, Felix A.H., Kergoat, Gael
• Other Authors: Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD France-Sud )-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Department of Biological Sciences Edmonton, University of Alberta, program ANR 'Biodiversite' of the French National Agency for Research (project ANR BIONEOCAL); graduate school of Montpellier II University (SIBAGHE); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2013
• Subjects: bayesian relaxed clock; cenozoic inter-continental dispersal; dispersal-extinction- cladogenesis; dispersal-vicariance analysis; historical biogeography; Papilionidae; [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences; Bering Land Bridge
• Online Access: https://hal.science/hal-00939538; https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02787.x

AIM Swallowtail butterflies (Papilionidae) are a diverse and widespread group of insects that constitute a popular model system for ecological and evolutionary studies. We reconstruct the historical biogeography of Papilionidae to identify the dispersal or vicariance events that best explain their present-day distribution, and test several proposed biogeographical hypotheses about the processes that shape distribution patterns in cosmopolitan groups. LOCATION World-wide, with disjunct elements. METHODS The phylogenetic relationships of 203 swallowtail species were determined by Bayesian inference using DNA data from mitochondrial (COI and COII) and nuclear (EF-1a) genes. Divergence time estimates were inferred using Bayesian relaxed clock approaches. To investigate competing biogeographical hypotheses, geographical range evolution was reconstructed using recently developed approaches: (1) a Bayesian empirical approach to dispersalvicariance analysis that takes phylogenetic uncertainty into account, and (2) a likelihood approach implementing the dispersalextinctioncladogenesis model that uses time-dependent stratified palaeogeographical matrices. RESULTS Our biogeographical results are congruent regardless of the biogeographical approaches or dating estimates used and support the importance of dispersal events in shaping swallowtail distributions. Contrary to common observations for other groups, the origins and diversification of northern taxa are better explained by range expansion through the Bering land bridge than by the Thulean or De Geer routes. We also stress that the seemingly Gondwanan biogeographical pattern in the Southern Hemisphere is more likely to have resulted from multiple, independent, long-distance dispersals than old vicariance events. The role of alternative colonization routes is also demonstrated for Madagascar, which facilitated multiple stepping-stone colonizations from India or Southeast Asia to Africa, and also for South America via the Caribbean land bridge. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Overall, ...