Evaluating and improving cloud phase in the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 using spaceborne lidar observations

• Published in: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
• Main Authors: Kay, Jennifer E., Bourdages, Line, Miller, Nathaniel B., Morrison, Ariel, Yettella, Vineel, Chepfer, Helene, Eaton, Brian
• Other Authors: Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2016
• Subjects: cloud phase; climate model; Greenland; supercooled liquid clouds; Southern Ocean; [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]; Arctic; Arctic Ocean
• Online Access: https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-03727113; https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-03727113/document; https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-03727113/file/JGR%20Atmospheres%20-%202016%20-%20Kay%20-%20Evaluating%20and%20improving%20cloud%20phase%20in%20the%20Community%20Atmosphere%20Model%20version%205%20using.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD024699

International audience Spaceborne lidar observations from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) satellite are used to evaluate cloud amount and cloud phase in the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (CAM5), the atmospheric component of a widely used state-of-the-art global coupled climate model (Community Earth System Model). By embedding a lidar simulator within CAM5, the idiosyncrasies of spaceborne lidar cloud detection and phase assignment are replicated. As a result, this study makes scale-aware and definition-aware comparisons between model-simulated and observed cloud amount and cloud phase. In the global mean, CAM5 has insufficient liquid cloud and excessive ice cloud when compared to CALIPSO observations. Over the ice-covered Arctic Ocean, CAM5 has insufficient liquid cloud in all seasons. Having important implications for projections of future sea level rise, a liquid cloud deficit contributes to a cold bias of 2-3°C for summer daily maximum near-surface air temperatures at Summit, Greenland. Over the midlatitude storm tracks, CAM5 has excessive ice cloud and insufficient liquid cloud. Storm track cloud phase biases in CAM5 maximize over the Southern Ocean, which also has larger-than-observed seasonal variations in cloud phase. Physical parameter modifications reduce the Southern Ocean cloud phase and shortwave radiation biases in CAM5 and illustrate the power of the CALIPSO observations as an observational constraint. The results also highlight the importance of using a regime-based, as opposed to a geographic-based, model evaluation approach. More generally, the results demonstrate the importance and value of simulator-enabled comparisons of cloud phase in models used for future climate projection.