A 1 year sea surface heat budget in the northeastern Atlantic basin during the POMME experiment: 1. Flux estimates.

• Published in: Journal of Geophysical Research
• Main Authors: Caniaux, Guy, Brut, Aurore, Bourras, Denis, Giordani, Hervé, Paci, A., Prieur, Louis, Reverdin, Gilles
• Other Authors: Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'étude des environnements terrestre et planétaires (CETP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences de l’Univers (Programme AtmosphèreMétéorologique Océan Superficiel’), Météo France
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2005
• Subjects: sea surface heat; freshwater and momentum budget; bulk flux algorithm; POMME experiment; evaluation of numerical weather prediction model sea surface fluxes; [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean; Atmosphere; [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces; environment; [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes; Northeast Atlantic
• Online Access: https://hal.science/hal-00145753; https://hal.science/hal-00145753/document; https://hal.science/hal-00145753/file/Caniaux_et_al-2005-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research__Solid_Earth_%281978-2012%29.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002596

The aim of the Programme Océan Multidisciplinaire Méso Echelle (POMME) was to study the formation and subduction of 11°–13°C waters in the northeast Atlantic (21°–15°W and 38°–45°N). An extensive oceanic and atmospheric data set was collected over 1 year during the period September 2000–October 2001. Owing to the importance of energy and water exchanges between the top layers of the ocean and the atmosphere in the subduction process, a surface heat, freshwater, and momentum budget has been computed combining the use of satellite products, in situ data, and atmospheric model outputs. This data set has been compared and validated with observations collected from a moored buoy and an instrumented mast onboard a research vessel. Each component of the net heat, freshwater, and momentum flux has been individually evaluated, and turbulent fluxes were computed with a state-of-the-art bulk flux algorithm deduced from turbulence measurements made during the experiment. We have adopted a 5 km grid spacing to take into account the oceanic mesoscale variability. The annual domain-averaged heat flux is positive (+33 W m -2 ), indicating a heating of the ocean, whereas model estimates (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and the French operational weather forecast model, ARPEGE) indicate a negative (cooling) budget (−9 W m -2 and −25 W m -2 , respectively). Sensitivity tests of the parameterization used and the sea surface temperature used place the accuracy of the budget to about 10 W m -2 The freshwater budget is negative, implying a freshening of the ocean, as in the ECMWF model. Our assessment proves that sea surface temperature patterns condition the mesoscale patterns of the heat budget, a feature that is not reproduced by models.