The decline effect cannot be explained by 3 commonly considered biological drivers of acidification effects.

• Main Authors: Jeff C. Clements (9161831), Josefin Sundin (2811598), Timothy D. Clark (8026217), Fredrik Jutfelt (418131)
• Format: Still Image
• Language: unknown
• Published: 2022
• Subjects: Evolutionary Biology; Ecology; Inorganic Chemistry; Science Policy; Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified; Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified; nonlarval life stages; low sample sizes; including increasing proportions; excess atmospheric co; broad ecological ramifications; affect marine life; provide quantitative evidence; decreasing effect sizes; recent studies documenting; negligible direct impact; fish behavior may; div >< p; large effect sizes; experimental ocean acidification; extreme &# 8220; fish behavior; &# 8220; scientific evidence; ocean acidification; large effects; impact journals; direct effects; decline effect; water species; vast majority; typically referred; systematic review; subsequent studies; studies examining; possible consequences; initial studies; improved approaches; disproportionate influence; associated behaviors; Ocean acidification
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001511.g002

Mean effect size magnitude (absolute lnRR ± upper and lower confidence bounds) as a function of time for datasets that only included experiments with (a) warm-water species, (b) olfactory-associated behaviors, and (c) larval life stages. Mean effect size magnitudes and confidence bounds were estimated using Bayesian simulations and a folded normal distribution. Note: Colors are aesthetic in nature and follow a gradient according to year of publication online. Source data for each figure panel can be found in S1 Data .