| Summary: | Successful (green) and unsuccessful (red) routes of 1000 Viking voyages from Bergen (Norway) to Hvarf (Greenland) at summer solstice using cordierite sunstone with navigation periodicity Δ t = 1 hour (A, B), Δ t = 3 hours (C, D) and Δ t = 6 hours (E, F) without (A, C, E) and with (B, D, F) night sailing. The values of the sailing success rate s are: (A) 99.8%, (B) 99.8%, (C) 19.0%, (D) 100.0%, (E) 0.0%, (F) 24.3%. The blue curve is the borderline of visibility from which the southeast mountains of Greenland can already be seen from a Viking ship. The simulation of a voyage stops when the navigator sees the southeast coastline where the visibility distance is determined by the current cloudiness value ρ. Some simulated sailing trajectories pass through Iceland and/or North Scotland. In these cases, it was assumed that the Vikings continued their voyage towards Greenland. The maps are generated by our software after a manual selection of the contours of continents and islands from the open-source data originating from http://www.gnuplotting.org/plotting-the-world-revisited/ .
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