Decadal evolution of frequency of extreme marine heat from 1980–2019.

• Main Authors: Kisei R. Tanaka (3746584), Kyle S. Van Houtan (8407320)
• Format: Still Image
• Language: unknown
• Published: 2022
• Subjects: Ecology; Marine Biology; Inorganic Chemistry; Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified; Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified; Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified; second industrial revolution; sea surface temperature; past century resulted; many local climates; approximately 2 %); extreme marine events; comparable statistical framework; th </ sup; sst gradients derived; monthly varying 98; div >< p; first 50 years; extreme conditions; alternative framework; first year; south atlantic; significant increases; scale index; resolved index; recent normalization; locally determined; index reports; increasing frequency; heat extremes; global reconstruction; global ocean; comparatively rare; basins crossing; barrier earlier; Pacific; Indian; North Atlantic
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000007.g001

Extreme heat defined as exceeding the localized (1° × 1°), monthly, 98 th percentile of sea surface temperatures (SST) observed during 1870–1919, averaged from HadISSTv1.1 and COBESSTv2 products. Extreme heat, resolved for boreal winter (Jan-Mar) and summer (Jul-Sep), accumulates steadily over time beginning in the Southern, South Atlantic, and Indian basins. Regions of the mid North Atlantic and eastern South Pacific indicate a low occurrence. The base map layer was drawn using the “rworldmap” R package ( https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/rworldmap/index.html : Accessed 6/27/2020).