Summary: | Plio-Pleistocene climate record on the Tibetan plateau (4.3 Ma to 0.8 Ma). Supplementary Data 1 . Results of carbonate (CaCO 3 ) content and carbonate stable isotopes including oxygen (δ 18 O c ), carbon (δ 13 C c ), and clumped isotopes (Δ 47 ), as well as grain size and a suite of organic proxies including total nitrogen (TN), total organic carbon (TOC), carbon to nitrogen ratios (C/N), and carbon isotope ratios in organic matter (δ 13 C org ). Clumped isotopes raw data, cross plots of δ 18 O c and ∆ 47- based temperature, calculations related to mean annual air temperature calculation (MAAT), and surface uplift estimate are also included. Supplementary Data 2 . Estimate of mean annual air temperature (MAAT) using a different temperature-∆ 47 calibration for comparison. Supplementary Data 3 . Calculation of permafrost thawing area and carbon release. Supplement to Cheng F. et al. , Alpine permafrost could account for a quarter of thawed carbon based on Plio-Pleistocene paleoclimate analogue, Nature Communications.
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