Evolution of Greenland Ice Sheet from the Holocene Thermal Maximum (i.e., 8 ka) to the Pre-Industrial era.

• Main Authors: Hu Yang (521488), Uta Krebs-Kanzow (11979695), Thomas Kleiner (11979698), Dmitry Sidorenko (5260150), Christian Bernd Rodehacke (11979701), Xiaoxu Shi (8560299), Paul Gierz (11979704), Lu Niu (2589736), Evan J. Gowan (4884178), Sebastian Hinck (11979707), Xingxing Liu (715957), Lennert B. Stap (11979710), Gerrit Lohmann (7018322)
• Format: Still Image
• Language: unknown
• Published: 2022
• Subjects: Evolutionary Biology; Ecology; Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified; Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified; several thousand years; 6 &# 8211; minimum ice volume; greenland &# 8217; 5 ka lag; greenland ice sheet; recent climate changes; late 20th century; gris experienced growth; ice volume response; holocene climate needs; ice sheet simulations; holocene thermal maximum; especially holocene climate; ice volume; 20th century; slow response; recent timing; entire holocene; 17 ka; 125 ka; simulation implies; second half; results highlight; respective extremes; pism ); last interglacial; industrial era; getting colder; esm ); equilibrium throughout; begin earlier; background trend; 2100 ad; Greenland; ice core; Ice Sheet; NGRIP
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259816.g005

A, top: Blue line: the oxygen δ 18 O isotope record from the NGRIP ice core [ 62 ]. Red line: the prescribed forcing of summer (JJA) temperature. Black line: July insolation at 70°N [ 78 ]. B, center: Black line: ice volume of the GrIS. Pink line: total ice area of the GrIS. Blue line: floating ice area. C, bottom: Black line: surface mass balance of the GrIS. Blue line: total mass balance, positive indicate mass gain, and vice versa. Red line: rate of dynamic ice loss, i.e., discharge ice flux. As the sub-shelf ice flux and grounded basal mass flux are one order of magnitude smaller than that of the surface mass balance and the dynamic ice loss, the total mass balance of the GrIS is primarily controlled by the surface mass balance and dynamic ice loss. The above results are all based on the ensemble mean of the seven ensemble simulations.