| Summary: | Additional file 1: Fig. S1 The canopy openness distribution of regenerated Korean pine seedlings. Fig. S2 The main animals types shot by infrared camera. A: Sciurus vulgaris, B: Nucifraga caryocatactes, C: Tamias sibiricus, D: Apodemus peninsulae, E: Mesechinus hughi, F: Lepus mandshuricus, G: Mustela sibirica, H: Meles meles, I: Accipiter gentilis preying on Sciurus vulgaris. Fig. S3 The proportion of Pre-DSP, Post-DSP and SH-EP in Changbai Mountain primary forests. Pre-DSP: Pre-dispersal seed predation, Post-DSP: Post-dispersal seed predation, SH-EP: Scatter-hoarding seed escaped predation. Table S1. The cumulative numbers of each type of animals recorded by infrared cameras during four seasons in different secondary forest treatments. U-SF: secondary forests without Korean pine plantations; U: secondary forests adjacent to Korea pine plantations. Table S2. GLMMs exploring the effects of seed source limitation due to historical disturbance and human competing with pinecones, and season on Korean pine-granivores activities. Table S3 GLMMs exploring the effects of seed source limitation due to historical disturbance and human competing with pinecones, and season on Korean pine seed fates. Pre-DSP: Pre-dispersal seed predation, Post-DSP: Post-dispersal seed predation, SH-EP: Scatter-hoarding seed escaped predation. Table S4. GLMMs exploring the effects of thinning treatment and season on the main granivores occurrence. Table S5. GLMMs exploring the effects of thinning treatment and season on seed fates. Pre-DSP: Pre-dispersal seed predation, Post-DSP: Post-dispersal seed predation, SH-EP: Scatter-hoarding seed escaped predation.
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