The excavation.

• Main Authors: João Zilhão (215800), Diego E. Angelucci (11614267), Lee J. Arnold (11614270), Francesco d’Errico (432642), Laure Dayet (793579), Martina Demuro (648258), Marianne Deschamps (4860325), Helen Fewlass (10644860), Luís Gomes (11614273), Beth Linscott (11614276), Henrique Matias (11614279), Alistair W. G. Pike (9647800), Peter Steier (254409), Sahra Talamo (116803), Eva M. Wild (11614282)
• Format: Still Image
• Language: unknown
• Published: 2021
• Subjects: Sociology; Science Policy; Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified; Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified; two major discontinuities; two key points; similar persistence pattern; persist beyond 39; palaeoenvironmental inferences derived; magnetic susceptibility analyses; last glacial maximum; key evidence comes; index fossils appear; holocene layers abc; faunal remains relate; empirical difficulties go; component mixing caused; caldeir &# 227; associated cultural transitions; sedimentation rates varied; refine using radiocarbon; forming sedimentation hiatuses; whose traditional subdivision; underwent significant disturbance; expected stratigraphic order; div >< p; expected radiocarbon ages; underlying pleistocene succession; site formation issues; sample association issues; overlie layer eb; greenland interstadial 2; global climate revealed; dating anomalies exist; 220 – 23; 000 years ago; upper palaeolithic archaeology; portugal )</ p; middle palaeolithic levels; upper solutrean place; radiocarbon ages; layer eb; upper pleistocene; upper palaeolithic; sedimentation rate; whose chronology; succession ’; stratigraphic integrity; portugal reveal; middle palaeolithic; depositional disturbance; dating shows; anomalies consist; early upper; used close; updated overview; stone tools; steep increase; stands even; solutrean technocomplex; shelter sites; method ’; karst archives; incomplete decontamination; human usage; human settlement; funerary use; fully understand; early neolithic; critical intervals; controversies surrounding; carnivore activity; cantabrian region; caldeirão features; caldeirão brings; c </; bayesian modelling; archaeological content; applicability ); Greenland; The Corridor
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259089.g002

A. Overview of the small limestone escarpment where Gruta do Caldeirão is located, taken with a zoom lens from the town of Pedreira, 765 m to SSE (1986). B. The cave entrance at the time of discovery (1980). C. The Entrance trench at the end of the 1979–88 fieldwork. D. The Entrance trench during excavation (1987). E. Excavation of the Upper Solutrean deposit in the Corridor area (1985). F. The Back Chamber towards the end of the excavation (1987); the staining of the wall at the bottom end of the chamber denotes the elevation reached by layer ABC-D, the thick black earth deposit of recent Holocene age that originally capped the stratigraphic succession.