Virus inactivation measured by TCID50 and luciferase assays.

• Main Authors: Guohua Yang (35464), Chet R. Ojha (11384025), Charles J. Russell (8708334)
• Format: Still Image
• Language: unknown
• Published: 2021
• Subjects: Biochemistry; Microbiology; Immunology; Science Policy; Infectious Diseases; Virology; risk assessment algorithms; luciferase reporter assay; cause membrane fusion; avoid premature activation; humanized &# 8221; 55 &# 176; supraphysiological heating assays; iav airborne transmissibility; human pandemic potential; emerging iav strains; endosomal low ph; modulate virion stability; thermal stability values; ha activation ph; virion acid stability; virion inactivation ph; influenza virus persistence; virion acid; low ph; thermal stability; &# 8220; virion transit; threshold ph; human isolates; human adaptation; xlink ">; virologic properties; varying subtype; throughput screening; surface glycoprotein; raising doubt; ph 5; ha mutants; enable higher; c heating; animal isolates; Ruddy Turnstone
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009910.g003

TCID50 values (left y-axis, black circles) and luciferase activity (RLU, right y-axis, white squares) were measured as a function of exposure to the reported pH followed by re-neutralization. Right y-axes are scaled so that RLU maxima and minima are displayed at levels similar to those from TCID50 on the opposite axis. Error bars represent standard deviation (n = 3). Reported data are representative of two or more independent experiments. (A) rg-A/TN/1-560/2009 (H1N1). (B) A/Bethesda/55/2015 (H3N2). (C) A/Aichi/2/1968 (H3N2). (D) rg-A/swine/NC/18161/2002 (H1N1). (E) A/swine/North Carolina/0033/2011 (H3N2). (F) A/swine/North Carolina/1256/2011 (H3N2). (G) A/swine/California/T9001707/1991 (H1N1). (H) A/canine/Illinois/41915/2015 (H3N2). (I) rg-A/canine/Indiana/1177-17-1/2017 (PR8 internal genes) (H3N2). (J) A/ruddy turnstone/NJ/65/1985 (H7N3). (K) A/duck/Australia/341/1983 (H15N8). (L) A/gull/Maryland/704/1977 (H13N6).