Effects of Varying Dietary Docosahexaenoic, Eicosapentaenoic, Linoleic, and α‑Linolenic Acid Levels on Fatty Acid Composition of Phospholipids and Neutral Lipids in the Liver of Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar

• Main Authors: Sayed Mohammad Ali Jalali (10017889), Christopher C. Parrish (8847482), Albert Caballero-Solares (4424959), Matthew L. Rise (6796409), Richard G. Taylor (5778092)
• Format: Other Non-Article Part of Journal/Newspaper
• Language: unknown
• Published: 2021
• Subjects: Biochemistry; Medicine; Biotechnology; Ecology; Inorganic Chemistry; Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified; Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified; fish oil; linoleic acid; Neutral Lipids; Salmo salar Fish oil; eicosapentaenoic acid; α- linolenic acid; EPA; long-chain n -3; Atlantic salmon; n -3 LC-PUFA proportions; fish nutrition; LNA; docosahexaenoic acid; DHA; n -3 LC-PUFAs; ALA; tooth pattern; PL-to-NL ratios; n -3LC; Feeding Atlantic salmon; salmon diets; Salmo salar
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05182.s001

Fish oil, the most abundant natural source of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), is a limited resource; however, terrestrial oils are used as an alternative in fish nutrition. The liver of Atlantic salmon is able to synthesize these two long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3LC-PUFAs) from α-linolenic acid (ALA), but the dietary levels of EPA + DHA and the ratios of linoleic acid (LNA) to ALA may affect its abilities. Feeding Atlantic salmon four experimental diets containing EPA + DHA at 0.3 and 1.0% of dietary levels accompanied with high and low LNA/ALA ratios showed that low LNA/ALA ratios increased the proportions of EPA + DHA in phospholipids (PLs) and neutral lipids (NLs). The pattern of PL-to-NL ratios of n-3 LC-PUFA proportions matched the saw tooth pattern of LNA/ALA ratios in diets. Overall, when fish oil is removed from salmon diets, the dietary LNA/ALA ratio must be reduced to stimulate biosynthesis of n-3 LC-PUFAs in the liver.