Is Njáll a Compatibilist?: Aristotelian Voluntary Action in Njáls saga

There appears to be a worrisome contradiction in Njáls saga. On one hand, characters live in a fatalistic universe where it feels like very little is within their control. On the other hand, the characters seem to act of their own volition despite an awareness of these external controlling forces. H...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Jen Semler 1997-
Other Authors: Háskóli Íslands
Format: Thesis
Language:English
Published: 2020
Subjects:
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/1946/36927
Description
Summary:There appears to be a worrisome contradiction in Njáls saga. On one hand, characters live in a fatalistic universe where it feels like very little is within their control. On the other hand, the characters seem to act of their own volition despite an awareness of these external controlling forces. However, these two competing views might be able to operate together. Compatibilism is the philosophical view that free will can exist within a deterministic world. This thesis will explore the extent to which the characters in Njáls saga demonstrate a compatibilist framework. To operationalize free will, this paper will focus on Aristotle’s theory of voluntary action. Although Aristotle does not likely fit the definition of modern compatibilism, his views on voluntariness are compatible with some forms of fatalism. After coming to a clear definition of Aristotelian voluntary action, this paper will then explore the extent to which Aristotle’s ideas may have been present in medieval Iceland. Then, this paper will apply the voluntary action framework to the characters’ actions in Njáls saga. Ultimately, this thesis will conclude, compatibilism provides a useful way to understand how the characters in Njáls saga operate. Í Brennu-Njáls sögu (oft kölluð Njáls saga eða Njála) virðist vera að finna einkum ankannalega mótsögn. Sögupersónurnar lifa annars vegar í heimi örlagatrúar, þar sem fátt virðist vera undir þeim sjálfum komið. Hins vegar breyta þær þó út frá eigin vilja þrátt fyrir að vera meðvitaðar um þessi ytri stjórnandi öfl. Þessi tvö sjónarhorn geta þó unnið samstíga. Sáttarhyggja (e. compatibilism) er heimspekileg afstaða sem heldur því fram að frjáls vilji geti verið til í heimi nauðhyggju. Markmið þessarar ritgerðar er að rannsaka að hvaða leyti sögupersónur Njáls sögu hegða sér í samræmi við hugmyndafræði sáttarhyggju. Í ritgerðinni mun hugmyndin um frjálsan vilja byggja á kenningu Aristótelesar um sjálfviljuga breytni. Enda þótt Aristóteles falli líklegast ekki undir skilgreiningu á nútíma ...