| Summary: | The article is based on official statistics and the survey conducted by the Institute of ethno-sector employees on "Ethno-social adaptation of the indigenous peoples of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) to the changing socio-economic environment." This article presents the results of a sociological study. Project aims to investigate acute problems of socio-economic development of the indigenous peoples of Yakutia, whose living depends on natural and economic zone of residence. The author summarizes the empirical materials from the field research and data of experts on the daily life of the aboriginal population of Yakutia. We collect opinion of aboriginal people about state support for the provision of priority rights (privileges), including conducting of the traditional sectors of the economy (reindeer herding, hunting and trapping), getting education (profession) out of competition, medical treatment and health care, housing and residental construction, lowering of the retirement age for workers of traditional industries in northen regions. In addition, emphasis was put on respondents` attitude to the problems of employment and labor conditions, subsistence of aboriginal families, and their health state, also it shows respondents` assessment of their financial situation for different time periods. We marked the modern transformation of aboriginal communities in terms of socio-cultural modernization and the priorities of the state policy in relation to the northern territories and indigenous ethnic groups. The conclusion is that it is necessary to create more favorable conditions for the effective implementation of modernization process in various spheres of Northern indigenous peoples in the region, and take comprehensive measures for indigenous peoples` social adaptation for new challenges.
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