CO2-assisted hydrothermal reactions for ginseng extract

• Published in: The Journal of Supercritical Fluids
• Main Authors: Ryu, Jebin, Yoon, Junho, Ryu, Seungmi, Kang, Seokyung, Kang, Mikyung, Kim, Byung-Soo, Lee, Youn-Woo
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: unknown
• Published: Elsevier BV 2018
• Subjects: CARBON-DIOXIDE; TELOMERASE ACTIVITY; AMERICAN GINSENG; RED GINSENG; GINSENOSIDES; HYDROLYSIS; WATER; ROOT; NOTOGINSENG; APOPTOSIS; anticancer; CO2-assisted hydrothermal reaction; Rg3; Rg5; Rk1; yield; Carbonic acid
• Online Access: https://hdl.handle.net/10371/204253; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2017.11.031

CO2-assisted hydrothermal reactions were performed for the conversion of intact ginsenosides to the more bioactive ginsenosides, (S)-Rg3, (R)-Rg3, Rk1, and RgS. The yields of the transformed ginsenosides and anticancer activities were compared for the three processes: conventional steaming, hydrothermal processing, and CO2-assisted hydrothermal processing. In the CO2-assisted hydrothermal process, approximately 2 times higher yields of transformed ginsenosides were obtained within 30 min compared to the steaming process, which requires autoclaving for 3 h, at the same temperature of 120 degrees C. These improvements were attributed to the homogeneous reaction condition and the in-situ generation of carbonic acid. Moreover, the CO2-assisted hydrothermally processed ginseng showed the highest antiproliferative effects on HT 1080 and MDA-MB-231 cells by stimulating apoptosis. Due to the higher yields of transformed ginsenosides, similar antiproliferative effects could be obtained using only 10-20% of the amounts used in previous studies. N 1