CO2-assisted hydrothermal reactions for ginseng extract

CO2-assisted hydrothermal reactions were performed for the conversion of intact ginsenosides to the more bioactive ginsenosides, (S)-Rg3, (R)-Rg3, Rk1, and RgS. The yields of the transformed ginsenosides and anticancer activities were compared for the three processes: conventional steaming, hydrothe...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of Supercritical Fluids
Main Authors: Ryu, Jebin, Yoon, Junho, Ryu, Seungmi, Kang, Seokyung, Kang, Mikyung, Kim, Byung-Soo, Lee, Youn-Woo
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:unknown
Published: Elsevier BV 2018
Subjects:
CARBON-DIOXIDE
TELOMERASE ACTIVITY
AMERICAN GINSENG
RED GINSENG
GINSENOSIDES
HYDROLYSIS
WATER
ROOT
NOTOGINSENG
APOPTOSIS
anticancer
CO2-assisted hydrothermal reaction
Rg3
Rg5
Rk1
yield
Carbonic acid
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/10371/204253
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2017.11.031
Description
Summary:CO2-assisted hydrothermal reactions were performed for the conversion of intact ginsenosides to the more bioactive ginsenosides, (S)-Rg3, (R)-Rg3, Rk1, and RgS. The yields of the transformed ginsenosides and anticancer activities were compared for the three processes: conventional steaming, hydrothermal processing, and CO2-assisted hydrothermal processing. In the CO2-assisted hydrothermal process, approximately 2 times higher yields of transformed ginsenosides were obtained within 30 min compared to the steaming process, which requires autoclaving for 3 h, at the same temperature of 120 degrees C. These improvements were attributed to the homogeneous reaction condition and the in-situ generation of carbonic acid. Moreover, the CO2-assisted hydrothermally processed ginseng showed the highest antiproliferative effects on HT 1080 and MDA-MB-231 cells by stimulating apoptosis. Due to the higher yields of transformed ginsenosides, similar antiproliferative effects could be obtained using only 10-20% of the amounts used in previous studies. N 1

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