Bubonic Plague Outbreak Investigation in the Endemic District of Tsiroanomandidy - Madagascar, October 2014

• Published in: Journal of Case Reports and Studies
• Main Authors: A, Rakotoarisoa, T, Ramihangihajason, C, Ramarokoto, S, Rahelinirina, A, Halm, P, Piola, M, Ratsitorahina, M, Rajerison
• Other Authors: Unité d'Epidémiologie Antananarivo, Madagascar (IPM), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Ministère de la Santé Publique - Ministry of Public Health Antananarivo, Madagascar, Indian Ocean Commission, Unité d'Entomologie Médicale Antananarivo, Madagascar (IPM), Unité Peste - Plague Unit Antananarivo, Madagascar, This publication was supported by the internal fund of Pasteur Institute of Madagascar and the Ministry of Health of Madagascar.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2017
• Subjects: Bubonic Plague; Outbreak; Environmental Factors; Reservoirs; Vectors; [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology; [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie; [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry; Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN]; [SDV.BC.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC]; [SDV.BC.IC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB]; [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM]; [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics; [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics; [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE]; [SDV.IMM.IA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Adaptive immunology; [SDV.IMM.II]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity; [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology; [SDV.MP.PRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Protistology; [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology; [STAT.ME]Statistics [stat]/Methodology [stat.ME]; [STAT.AP]Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP]; [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry; Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM]; Rattus rattus
• Online Access: https://riip.hal.science/pasteur-01644147; https://riip.hal.science/pasteur-01644147/document; https://riip.hal.science/pasteur-01644147/file/Bubonic%20plague%20outbreak%20investigation%20in%20the%20endemic%20district%20Tdidy_Rakotoarisoa2017.pdf; https://doi.org/10.15744/2348-9820.5.103

International audience Background: Plague remains a major public health problem in Madagascar. Faced with reports of plague cases and deaths in Tsiroanomandidy district, we performed an investigation in October 2014.List of Abbreviations: BHCS: Basic Health Center; CDC: Control and prevention Diseases Center; DHS: District Health Service; IPM: Institut Pasteur de Madagascar; MOH: Ministry of Health; SMZ-TMP: Sulfamethoxazole Trimethoprim; WHO: World Health OrganizationMethods: We used the National plague control program case definition. We identified cases from outpatient registers and collected socio-demographic and clinical information. Plague circulation was determined through a retrospective environmental survey of rodents and vectors.Results: From August 1st to October 12th 2014, we identified 30 cases of which 13 deaths in 7 out of 17 municipalities; 18 were confirmed, 6 probable, and 6 suspected cases. The sex ratio (M/F) was 4:1. Yersinia pestis was isolated from Rattus rattus in one municipality. Flea index was 2.3. We collected 45 fleas through a trap set in a house 6 hours after insecticide spraying.Our aim was to describe the plague outbreak and to improve the national plague control strategies.Conclusion: The presence of infected flea and rodent maintain the persistence of plague in the municipalities investigated. There is a high risk of plague transmission to humans. This study showed that rodent and flea information are important for plague control strategies.