Construction, environmental problems and natural hazards in periglacial mountain belts

Experience with man‐induced permafrost problems in periglacial mountains has increased during recent years. Such problems can be local, as in the case of building foundations on ice‐bearing ground, or can affect larger areas, as in the case of ski‐run preparation on perennially and seasonally frozen...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Permafrost and Periglacial Processes
Main Author: Wilfried Haeberli
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:unknown
Subjects:
Ice
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.3430030208
Description
Summary:Experience with man‐induced permafrost problems in periglacial mountains has increased during recent years. Such problems can be local, as in the case of building foundations on ice‐bearing ground, or can affect larger areas, as in the case of ski‐run preparation on perennially and seasonally frozen ground. The most severe natural hazard concerns the destabilization, erosion and displacement by debris flows of loose, non‐frozen material or weak bedrock on steep slopes. Such flows often take place as a consequence of glacier retreat or permafrost degradation and relate to atmospheric warming, which may continue or even accelerate in the future. The greatest drawback in man's behaviour with respect to these problems remains the ignorance of mountain permafrost. This probably originates from the fact that permafrost is not directly visible and, hence, is often not considered in the planning stage. The most important progress with respect to construction technology, environment protection and hazard mitigation in periglacial mountain belts can be achieved by improving communication and sharing of experience among scientists and technicians. L'experience des problemes que le pergelisol pose a l'homme dans les montagnes periglaciaires a augmente considerablement pendant les dernieres annees. Ces problemes peuvent etre locaux comme dans le cas de la construction de fondations sur un sol contenant de la glace ou peut affecter des regions plus etendues comme c'est le cas lorsque l'on amenage des pistes de ski sur un pergelisol et sur un sol saisonnierement gele. Les risques les plus grands concernent la destabilisation, l'erosion et le deplacement rapide de materiaux meubles non geles, ou de roches en place fragiles sur des pentes raides. De tels laves torrentielles surviennent souvent en consequence du retrait d'un glacier ou de la degradation d'un pergelisol. Souvent, elles doivent etre mises en relation avec le rechauffement atmospherique qui pourrait se poursuivre ou meme s'accelerer dans le futur. Le plus grand probleme dans le comportement de I'homme par rapport a ces questions reste l'ignorance generale dans le domaine du pergelisol de montagne. Celle‐ci resulte sans doute de ce que le pergelisol n'est pas directement visible, et de ce fait n'est souvent pas considere dans les etudes prealables. Les progres les plus importants que l'on peut attendre dans la technologie de construction, la protection de l'environnement et la diminution des risques dans le domaine periglaciaire resultent de l'amelioration et de la multiplication des echanges entre scientifiques et techniciens.