| Summary: | In housing crises, high mortgage debt can feed a vicious circle of falling housing prices and declining consumption and incomes, leading to higher mortgage defaults and deeper recessions. In such situations, resolution policies may need to be adapted to help contain negative feedback loops while minimizing overall loan losses and moral hazard. Drawing on recent experiences from Iceland, Ireland, Spain, and the United States, this paper discusses how economic trade-offs affecting mortgage resolution differ in crises. Depending on country circumstances, the economic benefits of temporary forbearance and loan modifications for struggling households could outweigh their costs. WP;loan modification;unsecured debt;foreclosure procedure;negative equity;central bank; Debt overhang; foreclosure; housing crisis; mortgage distress; loan restructuring; foreclosure moratorium; loan renegotiation; due diligence; foreclosure process; foreclosure alternative; mortgage workout; loan counseling; Mortgages; Loans; Housing prices; Debt relief; Debt service; Global
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