From the origin of the term triō, -ōnis ‘yoke of oxen’ to metaphor Septentriones ‘Polar bears’

Trio, -onis does not derive from terere ‘to break up, to crumble’ the earth, as has been believed since ancient times, nor does it express the meaning of ‘ox’, but rather that of ‘yoke’. Varro and Aulus Gellius refer to the pair of oxen in a yoke as a triangle, but they do not indicate what is the t...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: García Hernández, Benjamín
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:Spanish
Published: Sociedad de Estudios Latinos 2022
Subjects:
Online Access:https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/rel/article/view/96917
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Summary:Trio, -onis does not derive from terere ‘to break up, to crumble’ the earth, as has been believed since ancient times, nor does it express the meaning of ‘ox’, but rather that of ‘yoke’. Varro and Aulus Gellius refer to the pair of oxen in a yoke as a triangle, but they do not indicate what is the third point in the triangle. We understand that the ploughman who is driving the plough completes the missing angle. Thus we propose that trio, -onis is a ‘collective’ derivative of tres, tria, with formation similar to that of binio or quatrio in a game of dice. Therefore, the compound Septentriones designates the Seven Yokes that pull each of the twin constellations at the North Pole. In this metaphorical transposition, the celestial yokes do not pull ploughs, but rather the Chariot. They do retain their triangular configuration, however, as the two Latin authors maintain. To this we can add that, for the catasterization to be complete, the load carried by the Seven Yokes is distributed in triangles from the shaft to the end of the Chariot Trio, -onis no deriva de terere ‘roturar, desmenuzar’ la tierra, como se ha creído desde antiguo ni expresa el significado de ‘buey’, sino el de ‘yunta’. Varrón y Aulo Gelio asignan a la pareja que ara una figura triangular, sin indicar cómo se cierra el triángulo. Entendemos que el arador que maneja el arado completa el ángulo que falta. Lo que nos induce a proponer que trio, -onis es un derivado ‘colectivo’ de tres, tria, con formación análoga a la de binio o quatrio en el juego de dados. Por consiguiente, el compuesto Septentriones designa las Siete Yuntas que tiran de cada una de las constelaciones gemelas del Polo Norte. En esta trasposición metafórica, las yuntas celestes no tiran del arado, sino del Carro; pero mantienen su configuración triangular, como sostienen los dos autores latinos. A ello añadimos que, para que la catasterización sea completa, la carga que transportan las Siete Yuntas se distribuye en triángulos desde el timón hasta el final del Carro.