Signatures of the Evolution of Parthenogenesis and Cryptobiosis in the Genomes of Panagrolaimid Nematodes

Most animal species reproduce sexually and fully parthenogenetic lineages are usually short lived in evolution. Still, parthenogenesis may be advantageous as it avoids the cost of sex and permits colonization by single individuals. Panagrolaimid nematodes have colonized environments ranging from ari...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Published in:iScience
Main Authors: Schiffer, Philipp H., Danchin, Etienne G.J., Burnell, Ann M., Creevey, Christopher J., Wong, Simon, Dix, Ilona, O'Mahony, Georgina, Culleton, Bridget A., Rancurel, Corinne, Stier, Gary, Martínez-Salazar, Elizabeth A., Marconi, Aleksandra, Trivedi, Urmi, Kroiher, Michael, Thorne, Michael A.S., Schierenberg, Einhard, Wiehe, Thomas, Blaxter, Mark
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: 2019
Subjects:
Online Access:https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/7a4b9f18-0d12-4550-8cee-81f67471c07e
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2019.10.039
https://pureadmin.qub.ac.uk/ws/files/192740801/1_s2.0_S2589004219304195_main.pdf
http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85075051381&partnerID=8YFLogxK
Description
Summary:Most animal species reproduce sexually and fully parthenogenetic lineages are usually short lived in evolution. Still, parthenogenesis may be advantageous as it avoids the cost of sex and permits colonization by single individuals. Panagrolaimid nematodes have colonized environments ranging from arid deserts to Arctic and Antarctic biomes. Many are obligatory meiotic parthenogens, and most have cryptobiotic abilities, being able to survive repeated cycles of complete desiccation and freezing. To identify systems that may contribute to these striking abilities, we sequenced and compared the genomes and transcriptomes of parthenogenetic and outcrossing panagrolaimid species, including cryptobionts and non-cryptobionts. The parthenogens are triploids, most likely originating through hybridization. Adaptation to cryptobiosis shaped the genomes of panagrolaimid nematodes and is associated with the expansion of gene families and signatures of selection on genes involved in cryptobiosis. All panagrolaimids have acquired genes through horizontal gene transfer, some of which are likely to contribute to cryptobiosis.