Iceland as Stepping Stone for Spread of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus between Europe and North America

Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) of hemagglutinin type H5 and clade 2.3.4.4b have widely spread within the northern hemisphere since 2020 and threaten wild bird populations, as well as poultry production. We present phylogeographic evidence that Iceland has been used as a stepping...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Emerging Infectious Diseases
Main Authors: Günther, Anne, Krone, Oliver, Svansson, Vilhjalmur, Pohlmann, Anne, King, Jacqueline, Hallgrimsson, Gunnar Thor, Skarphéðinsson, Kristinn Haukur, Sigurðardóttir, Heiða, Jónsson, Stefán Ragnar, Beer, Martin, Brugger, Brigitte, Harder, Timm
Format: Text
Language:English
Published: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2022
Subjects:
Synopsis
Iceland
North Atlantic
Online Access:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9707596/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36261139
https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2812.221086
Description
Summary:Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) of hemagglutinin type H5 and clade 2.3.4.4b have widely spread within the northern hemisphere since 2020 and threaten wild bird populations, as well as poultry production. We present phylogeographic evidence that Iceland has been used as a stepping stone for HPAIV translocation from northern Europe to North America by infected but mobile wild birds. At least 2 independent incursions of HPAIV H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b assigned to 2 hemagglutinin clusters, B1 and B2, are documented for summer‒autumn 2021 and spring 2022. Spread of HPAIV H5N1 to and among colony-breeding pelagic avian species in Iceland is ongoing. Potentially devastating effects (i.e., local losses >25%) on these species caused by extended HPAIV circulation in space and time are being observed at several affected breeding sites throughout the North Atlantic.

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