Brains in Metamorphosis: Temporal Transcriptome Dynamics in Hatchery-Reared Flatfishes
SIMPLE SUMMARY: Metamorphosis, the process by which the young forms of some animals develop into adult forms, has long kept scientists on tenterhooks. Flatfish undergo one of the most dramatic metamorphoses described in the entire animal kingdom, in which a symmetrical larva that swims upright and l...
| Published in: | Biology |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Text |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI
2021
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8698573/ https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10121256 |
| Summary: | SIMPLE SUMMARY: Metamorphosis, the process by which the young forms of some animals develop into adult forms, has long kept scientists on tenterhooks. Flatfish undergo one of the most dramatic metamorphoses described in the entire animal kingdom, in which a symmetrical larva that swims upright and looks just like a typical baby fish becomes a completely flat, asymmetrical juvenile that will live its entire adult life attached to the bottom. To answer the question of how the same organism can generate two completely different body plans associated with different phases of the life cycle, we investigated the dynamics of the brain transcriptome, which is the regulatory center of specific endocrine-activated developmental processes during metamorphosis. Our results show, for the first time, a temporary immune system reorganization during flatfish metamorphic remodelling process. Therefore, characterizing and understanding all the developmental changes that take place during metamorphosis will assist in the understanding the importance of each of these processes in the normal development of an individual and therefore, facilitate the transfer of knowledge to prevent abnormal development or developmental pathologies. ABSTRACT: Metamorphosis is a captivating process of change during which the morphology of the larva is completely reshaped to face the new challenges of adult life. In the case of fish, this process initiated in the brain has traditionally been considered to be a critical rearing point and despite the pioneering molecular work carried out in other flatfishes, the underlying molecular basis is still relatively poorly characterized. Turbot brain transcriptome of three developmental stages (pre-metamorphic, climax of metamorphosis and post-metamorphic) were analyzed to study the gene expression dynamics throughout the metamorphic process. A total of 1570 genes were differentially expressed in the three developmental stages and we found a specific pattern of gene expression at each stage. Unexpectedly, at the ... |
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