Metals in the drinking water of First Nations across Canada
OBJECTIVES: The First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study (FNFNES), a community-based participatory research project, measured the levels of metals of health concern and the levels of metals that have operational guidance (OG) and aesthetic objectives (AO) in drinking water of First Nation...
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Online Access: | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8239116/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34181228 https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-021-00497-5 |
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8239116 2023-05-15T16:15:17+02:00 Metals in the drinking water of First Nations across Canada Schwartz, Harold Marushka, Lesya Chan, Hing Man Batal, Malek Sadik, Tonio Ing, Amy Fediuk, Karen Tikhonov, Constantine 2021-06-28 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8239116/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34181228 https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-021-00497-5 en eng Springer International Publishing http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8239116/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34181228 http://dx.doi.org/10.17269/s41997-021-00497-5 © Crown 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . CC-BY Can J Public Health Special Issue on First Nations Food Nutrition and Environment Study: Quantitative Research Text 2021 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-021-00497-5 2021-07-18T00:22:12Z OBJECTIVES: The First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study (FNFNES), a community-based participatory research project, measured the levels of metals of health concern and the levels of metals that have operational guidance (OG) and aesthetic objectives (AO) in drinking water of First Nations (FN) south of the 60(th) parallel. METHODS: Both stagnant (first draw) and flushed tap water samples were collected from participating households in 91 FN representing 11 ecozones. The concentrations of metals were quantified and compared to Health Canada’s Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (GCDWQ). RESULTS: In total, 1516 FN households participated in this study component. Exceedances of the 2019 GCDWQ for the health-based maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) were found for five metals: lead 8.4% of households (first draw), manganese 4.0%, uranium 1.6%, aluminum 1.3%, and copper 0.2% (flushed). Flushing taps resulted in a decrease to 0.7% of households exceeding the lead MAC. Exceedances of the current OG for aluminum were found in 14.2% and the exceedances of the proposed OG were found in 18.1% of households (flushed). Exceedances of the AO (flushed) were as follows: manganese 12.8%, sodium 5.1%, iron 3.5%, and copper 0.4%. Results of the study were compared to provincial surveys where the data were available. Taste and colour were reported to be the main reasons for limiting the use of tap water. CONCLUSION: Overall, the quality of drinking water with respect to trace metals of human health concern is satisfactory. However, elevated lead levels were found in some FN communities. Until appropriate action can take place, it was recommended to flush the water before use to reduce the lead levels. Text First Nations PubMed Central (PMC) Canada Canadian Journal of Public Health 112 S1 113 132 |
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Special Issue on First Nations Food Nutrition and Environment Study: Quantitative Research |
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Special Issue on First Nations Food Nutrition and Environment Study: Quantitative Research Schwartz, Harold Marushka, Lesya Chan, Hing Man Batal, Malek Sadik, Tonio Ing, Amy Fediuk, Karen Tikhonov, Constantine Metals in the drinking water of First Nations across Canada |
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Special Issue on First Nations Food Nutrition and Environment Study: Quantitative Research |
description |
OBJECTIVES: The First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study (FNFNES), a community-based participatory research project, measured the levels of metals of health concern and the levels of metals that have operational guidance (OG) and aesthetic objectives (AO) in drinking water of First Nations (FN) south of the 60(th) parallel. METHODS: Both stagnant (first draw) and flushed tap water samples were collected from participating households in 91 FN representing 11 ecozones. The concentrations of metals were quantified and compared to Health Canada’s Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (GCDWQ). RESULTS: In total, 1516 FN households participated in this study component. Exceedances of the 2019 GCDWQ for the health-based maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) were found for five metals: lead 8.4% of households (first draw), manganese 4.0%, uranium 1.6%, aluminum 1.3%, and copper 0.2% (flushed). Flushing taps resulted in a decrease to 0.7% of households exceeding the lead MAC. Exceedances of the current OG for aluminum were found in 14.2% and the exceedances of the proposed OG were found in 18.1% of households (flushed). Exceedances of the AO (flushed) were as follows: manganese 12.8%, sodium 5.1%, iron 3.5%, and copper 0.4%. Results of the study were compared to provincial surveys where the data were available. Taste and colour were reported to be the main reasons for limiting the use of tap water. CONCLUSION: Overall, the quality of drinking water with respect to trace metals of human health concern is satisfactory. However, elevated lead levels were found in some FN communities. Until appropriate action can take place, it was recommended to flush the water before use to reduce the lead levels. |
format |
Text |
author |
Schwartz, Harold Marushka, Lesya Chan, Hing Man Batal, Malek Sadik, Tonio Ing, Amy Fediuk, Karen Tikhonov, Constantine |
author_facet |
Schwartz, Harold Marushka, Lesya Chan, Hing Man Batal, Malek Sadik, Tonio Ing, Amy Fediuk, Karen Tikhonov, Constantine |
author_sort |
Schwartz, Harold |
title |
Metals in the drinking water of First Nations across Canada |
title_short |
Metals in the drinking water of First Nations across Canada |
title_full |
Metals in the drinking water of First Nations across Canada |
title_fullStr |
Metals in the drinking water of First Nations across Canada |
title_full_unstemmed |
Metals in the drinking water of First Nations across Canada |
title_sort |
metals in the drinking water of first nations across canada |
publisher |
Springer International Publishing |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8239116/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34181228 https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-021-00497-5 |
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Canada |
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Canada |
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First Nations |
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First Nations |
op_source |
Can J Public Health |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8239116/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34181228 http://dx.doi.org/10.17269/s41997-021-00497-5 |
op_rights |
© Crown 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
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CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-021-00497-5 |
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Canadian Journal of Public Health |
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112 |
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S1 |
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113 |
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132 |
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