Effect of Jet Impingement Velocity and Angle on CO(2) Erosion–Corrosion with and without Sand for API 5L-X65 Carbon Steel
Most oil and gas production wells have plenty of corrosive species present along with solid particles. In such production environments, CO(2) gas can dissolve in free phase water and form carbonic acid (H(2)CO(3)). This carbonic acid, along with fluid flow and with/without solid particles (sand or o...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7254241 2023-05-15T15:52:33+02:00 Effect of Jet Impingement Velocity and Angle on CO(2) Erosion–Corrosion with and without Sand for API 5L-X65 Carbon Steel Toor, Ihsan Ulhaq Alashwan, Zakariya Badr, Hassan Mohamed Ben-Mansour, Rached Shirazi, Siamack A. 2020-05-11 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7254241/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32403339 https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13092198 en eng MDPI http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7254241/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32403339 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13092198 © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). CC-BY Materials (Basel) Article Text 2020 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13092198 2020-06-14T00:23:46Z Most oil and gas production wells have plenty of corrosive species present along with solid particles. In such production environments, CO(2) gas can dissolve in free phase water and form carbonic acid (H(2)CO(3)). This carbonic acid, along with fluid flow and with/without solid particles (sand or other entrained particles), can result in unpredictable severe localized CO(2) corrosion and/or erosion–corrosion (EC). So, in this work, the CO(2) EC performance of API 5L X-65 carbon steel, a commonly used material in many oil and gas piping infrastructure, was investigated. A recirculating flow loop was used to perform these studies at three different CO(2) concentrations (pH values of 4.5, 5.0, and 5.5), two impingement velocities (8 and 16 m/s), three impingement angles (15°, 45°, and 90°), and with/without 2000 ppm sand particles for a duration of 3 h in 0.2 M NaCl solution at room temperature. Corrosion products were characterized using FE-SEM, EDS, and XRD. The CO(2) EC rates were found to decrease with an increase in the pH value due to the increased availability of H(+) ions. The highest CO(2) erosion–corrosion rates were observed at a 45° impingement angle in the presence of solid particles under all conditions. It was also observed that a change in pH value influenced the morphology and corrosion resistance of the corrosion scales. Text Carbonic acid PubMed Central (PMC) Materials 13 9 2198 |
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Article Toor, Ihsan Ulhaq Alashwan, Zakariya Badr, Hassan Mohamed Ben-Mansour, Rached Shirazi, Siamack A. Effect of Jet Impingement Velocity and Angle on CO(2) Erosion–Corrosion with and without Sand for API 5L-X65 Carbon Steel |
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Most oil and gas production wells have plenty of corrosive species present along with solid particles. In such production environments, CO(2) gas can dissolve in free phase water and form carbonic acid (H(2)CO(3)). This carbonic acid, along with fluid flow and with/without solid particles (sand or other entrained particles), can result in unpredictable severe localized CO(2) corrosion and/or erosion–corrosion (EC). So, in this work, the CO(2) EC performance of API 5L X-65 carbon steel, a commonly used material in many oil and gas piping infrastructure, was investigated. A recirculating flow loop was used to perform these studies at three different CO(2) concentrations (pH values of 4.5, 5.0, and 5.5), two impingement velocities (8 and 16 m/s), three impingement angles (15°, 45°, and 90°), and with/without 2000 ppm sand particles for a duration of 3 h in 0.2 M NaCl solution at room temperature. Corrosion products were characterized using FE-SEM, EDS, and XRD. The CO(2) EC rates were found to decrease with an increase in the pH value due to the increased availability of H(+) ions. The highest CO(2) erosion–corrosion rates were observed at a 45° impingement angle in the presence of solid particles under all conditions. It was also observed that a change in pH value influenced the morphology and corrosion resistance of the corrosion scales. |
format |
Text |
author |
Toor, Ihsan Ulhaq Alashwan, Zakariya Badr, Hassan Mohamed Ben-Mansour, Rached Shirazi, Siamack A. |
author_facet |
Toor, Ihsan Ulhaq Alashwan, Zakariya Badr, Hassan Mohamed Ben-Mansour, Rached Shirazi, Siamack A. |
author_sort |
Toor, Ihsan Ulhaq |
title |
Effect of Jet Impingement Velocity and Angle on CO(2) Erosion–Corrosion with and without Sand for API 5L-X65 Carbon Steel |
title_short |
Effect of Jet Impingement Velocity and Angle on CO(2) Erosion–Corrosion with and without Sand for API 5L-X65 Carbon Steel |
title_full |
Effect of Jet Impingement Velocity and Angle on CO(2) Erosion–Corrosion with and without Sand for API 5L-X65 Carbon Steel |
title_fullStr |
Effect of Jet Impingement Velocity and Angle on CO(2) Erosion–Corrosion with and without Sand for API 5L-X65 Carbon Steel |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effect of Jet Impingement Velocity and Angle on CO(2) Erosion–Corrosion with and without Sand for API 5L-X65 Carbon Steel |
title_sort |
effect of jet impingement velocity and angle on co(2) erosion–corrosion with and without sand for api 5l-x65 carbon steel |
publisher |
MDPI |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7254241/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32403339 https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13092198 |
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Carbonic acid |
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Carbonic acid |
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Materials (Basel) |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7254241/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32403339 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13092198 |
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© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
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CC-BY |
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https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13092198 |
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Materials |
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