Extreme overall mushroom genome expansion in Mycena s.s. irrespective of plant hosts or substrate specializations.

Mycena s.s. is a ubiquitous mushroom genus whose members degrade multiple dead plant substrates and opportunistically invade living plant roots. Having sequenced the nuclear genomes of 24 Mycena species, we find them to defy the expected patterns for fungi based on both their traditionally perceived...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cell Genomics
Main Authors: Harder, Christoffer Bugge, Miyauchi, Shingo, Virágh, Máté, Kuo, Alan, Thoen, Ella, Andreopoulos, Bill, Lu, Dabao, Skrede, Inger, Drula, Elodie, Henrissat, Bernard, Morin, Emmanuelle, Kohler, Annegret, Barry, Kerrie, LaButti, Kurt, Salamov, Asaf, Lipzen, Anna, Merényi, Zsolt, Hegedüs, Botond, Baldrian, Petr, Stursova, Martina, Weitz, Hedda, Taylor, Andy, Koriabine, Maxim, Savage, Emily, Grigoriev, Igor V, Nagy, László G, Martin, Francis, Kauserud, Håvard
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: Elsevier Science 2024
Subjects:
Arctic biology
TE proliferation
biotrophy–saprotrophy evolution
carbon degradation
fungal genomics
fungal guild
genome size diversity
plant-fungus interactions
root-associations
saprotrophs
Arctic
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xgen.2024.100586
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38942024
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Summary:Mycena s.s. is a ubiquitous mushroom genus whose members degrade multiple dead plant substrates and opportunistically invade living plant roots. Having sequenced the nuclear genomes of 24 Mycena species, we find them to defy the expected patterns for fungi based on both their traditionally perceived saprotrophic ecology and substrate specializations. Mycena displayed massive genome expansions overall affecting all gene families, driven by novel gene family emergence, gene duplications, enlarged secretomes encoding polysaccharide degradation enzymes, transposable element (TE) proliferation, and horizontal gene transfers. Mainly due to TE proliferation, Arctic Mycena species display genomes of up to 502 Mbp (2-8× the temperate Mycena), the largest among mushroom-forming Agaricomycetes, indicating a possible evolutionary convergence to genomic expansions sometimes seen in Arctic plants. Overall, Mycena show highly unusual, varied mosaic-like genomic structures adaptable to multiple lifestyles, providing genomic illustration for the growing realization that fungal niche adaptations can be far more fluid than traditionally believed.

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