Discovery and Characterization of the

The innate immune response in Salmo salar, mediated by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), is crucial for defending against pathogens. This study examined DDX41 protein functions as a cytosolic/nuclear sensor for cyclic dinucleotides, RNA, and DNA from invasive intracellular bacteria. The investig...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Main Authors: Yañez, Alejandro J, Barrientos, Claudia A, Isla, Adolfo, Aguilar, Marcelo, Flores-Martin, Sandra N, Yuivar, Yassef, Ojeda, Adriana, Ibieta, Pablo, Hernández, Mauricio, Figueroa, Jaime, Avendaño-Herrera, Rubén, Mancilla, Marcos
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: MDPI 2024
Subjects:
Atlantic salmon–pathogen communication
bacterial infection
ddx41 gene
functional gene expression
innate immune response
structural–functional analysis
Atlantic salmon
Salmo salar
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25126346
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38928053
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11204154/
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Summary:The innate immune response in Salmo salar, mediated by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), is crucial for defending against pathogens. This study examined DDX41 protein functions as a cytosolic/nuclear sensor for cyclic dinucleotides, RNA, and DNA from invasive intracellular bacteria. The investigation determined the existence, conservation, and functional expression of the ddx41 gene in S. salar. In silico predictions and experimental validations identified a single ddx41 gene on chromosome 5 in S. salar, showing 83.92% homology with its human counterpart. Transcriptomic analysis in salmon head kidney confirmed gene transcriptional integrity. Proteomic identification through mass spectrometry characterized three unique peptides with 99.99% statistical confidence. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated significant evolutionary conservation across species. Functional gene expression analysis in SHK-1 cells infected by Piscirickettsia salmonis and Renibacterium salmoninarum indicated significant upregulation of DDX41, correlated with increased proinflammatory cytokine levels and activation of irf3 and interferon signaling pathways. In vivo studies corroborated DDX41 activation in immune responses, particularly when S. salar was challenged with P. salmonis, underscoring its potential in enhancing disease resistance. This is the first study to identify the DDX41 pathway as a key component in S. salar innate immune response to invading pathogens, establishing a basis for future research in salmonid disease resistance.

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