La délimitation des frontières terrestres dans le nord scandinave et en Finlande
This short survey deals first of all with the gradual development of the modern network of boundaries in the vast Northern area of the Scandinavian peninsula and of Finland. It all happened quite late, mostly from the mid-eighteenth century up to the middle of the nineteenth century. The two World W...
| Published in: | Norois |
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| Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
| Language: | French |
| Published: |
PERSEE
1986
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.persee.fr/doc/noroi_0029-182x_1986_num_130_1_4300 https://doi.org/10.3406/noroi.1986.4300 |
| Summary: | This short survey deals first of all with the gradual development of the modern network of boundaries in the vast Northern area of the Scandinavian peninsula and of Finland. It all happened quite late, mostly from the mid-eighteenth century up to the middle of the nineteenth century. The two World Wars brought about important changes in the boundaries, particularly as far as Finland is concerned. The second part of the survey takes into account the way this rather loose network of boundaries gradually closed up and became permanent, making it difficult, and even impossible, for the local reindeer and their Lappish shepherds to migrate — except between Norway and Sweden where the comings and goings of reindeer across borders is strictly regulated. It summarizes the difficulties encountered by herds of getting across the Northern borders, and the consequences upon the type of housing of the Lappish breeders and upon the lay out of the pasture tracks. The conclusion of the second part brings out the gradual dwindling down of the Lappish pastoral life, from a nomadic pattern to a more or less modernized transhumance within the set limits of respective national territories, including some leasing arrangements between Sweden and Norway. Cette courte mise au point permet d'apprécier les conditions de la fixation des frontières dans les régions septentrionales de la péninsule Scandinave et en Finlande. Elles furent stabilisées assez tard, surtout entre le milieu du XVIIIe s. et le milieu du XIXe s. Les deux guerres mondiales ont apporté leur bouleversement, particulièrement en Finlande. Les frontières dans le Grand Nord ont imposé aux Lapons des conditions souvent difficiles, voire insolubles — sauf peut- être entre la Norvège et la Suède où le déplacement des troupeaux est étroitement réglementé. L'article résume les difficultés de franchissement des frontières par les rennes, les conséquences sur l'habitat des Lapons et les terrains de pâture. La conclusion fait la part du déclin des genres de vie traditionnels et l'enracinement progressif d'un peuple dont les éleveurs se soumettent à des modes de transhumance plus ou moins modernisés dans le cadre des entités territoriales contemporaines. |
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