Endosulfan in the Chinese environment: monitoring and modeling

• Published in: Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering
• Main Authors: Jia, Hongliang, Liu, Liyan, Sun, Yeqing, Cai, Daoji, Hu, Jianxin, Ren, Nanqi, Li, Yifan
• Other Authors: Li, YF (reprint author), Dalian Maritime Univ, IJRC PTS, Dalian 116026, Peoples R China., Dalian Maritime Univ, IJRC PTS, Dalian 116026, Peoples R China., Harbin Inst Technol, State Key Lab Urban Resources & Environm, IJRC PTS, Harbin 150090, Peoples R China., Dalian Maritime Univ, Environm Syst Biol Inst, Dalian 116026, Peoples R China., Nanjing Inst Environm Sci, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, Peoples R China., Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China., Ryerson Univ, IJRC PTS, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.
• Format: Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: frontiers of environmental science engineering 2012
• Subjects: endosulfan; monitoring; modeling; inventories; persistent organic pollutants; persistent organic pollutants (POPs); ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; ARCTIC ATMOSPHERE; TRENDS; WATER; RIVER; PERSPECTIVE; CONSTANTS; SEDIMENT; FISH; Arctic
• Online Access: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11897/393742; https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-011-0375-6

This paper reviews the usage and emissions of endosulfan, the newest member of the persistent organic pollutants (POPs), in China, and its fate and behavior in Chinese environment. Endosulfan usage in China has been estimated to be approximately 25700 t between 1994 and 2004. Concentrations of endosulfan in different environmental compartments in China, such as air, soil, water, and biota, but focusing at air and surface soil, have been summarized. Concentrations of total endosulfan in surface soil across China were ranged from below detection limit (BDL) to 19000 pg center dot g(-1) dry weight (dw), with geometric mean of 120 pg center dot g(-1)dw. The results indicated that endosulfan sulfate had highest concentration in Chinese soil, followed by beta- and alpha-endosulfan. Air concentrations of endosulfan in China were ranged 0-340 pg center dot m(-3) for alpha-endosulfan and 0-121 pg center dot m(-3) for beta-endosulfan, with high concentrations occurred in the cotton production areas. Gridded usage inventories of endosulfan on a fine gridded system with a 1/4A degrees longitude by 1/6A degrees latitude resolution were compiled, from which, emission to air and residues in soil of endosulfan were calculated in each grid by using a modified simplified gridded pesticide emission and residue model (SGPERM), an integrated modeling system combining mathematical model, database management system, and geographic information system. Total emissions were around 10800 t from 1994 to 2004. Based on the emission and residue inventories, concentrations of alpha- and beta-endosulfan in Chinese air and agricultural surface soil were also calculated for each grid cell, which are in general consistent with the published monitoring data. Engineering, Environmental Environmental Sciences SCI(E) 中国科学引文数据库(CSCD) 4 REVIEW 1 32-44 6