Improved temperature and humidity profiles derived from the combination of the microwave radiometers HATPRO and MiRAC-P aboard the Polarstern during the MOSAiC expedition

• Main Authors: Walbröl, Andreas, Engelmann, Ronny, Griesche, Hannes, Radenz, Martin, Hofer, Julian, Althausen, Dietrich, Ebell, Kerstin, Mech, Mario, Crewell, Susanne
• Format: Dataset
• Language: English
• Published: PANGAEA
• Subjects: AC3; Arctic; Arctic Amplification; humidity profile; microwave radiometer; Mosaic; MOSAiC20192020; Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate; OCEANET; OCEANET-ATMOSPHERE; PS122; relative humidity; remote sensing; specific humidity; temperature profile; water vapor
• Online Access: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.968760

This data set contains daily files of temperature (temp), specific humidity (q) and relative humidity (rh) profiles derived from combined measurements of the HATPRO and MiRAC-P microwave radiometers (see Walbröl et al. 2022, doi:10.1038/s41597-022-01504-1) operated aboard the Polarstern during cruise PS122 (MOSAiC expedition). The data covers the time range from 22 October 2019 until 02 October 2020 with a temporal resolution of about 1 second (except for temp_bl data, see below). Both microwave radiometers were mounted on top of the OCEANET-ATMOSPHERE container (Macke et al. 2010, doi:10.1051/epjconf/201009006; Engelmann et al. 2021, doi:10.5194/acp-21-13397-2021). HATPRO is a Humidity and Temperature Profiler (Rose et al. 2005, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2004.12.005) that measures atmospheric radiation emitted from water vapour along a rotational water vapour aborption line in the K-band (7 channels from 22.24 to 31.4 GHz) and from oxygen along the absorption complex in the V-band (7 channels from 51.26 to 58 GHz). The HATPRO measurements are also sensitive to radiation emitted from hydrometeors (cloud liquid water). MiRAC-P is a Low Humidity Profiler (LHUMPRO-243-340, Mech et al. 2019, doi:10.5194/amt-12-5019-2019), also known as the Microwave Radiometer for Arctic Clouds - Passive, that measures atmospheric radiation at higher frequencies along a strong water vapour absorption line in the G-band (6 channels from 183.31 +/- 0.6 to 183.31 +/- 7.5 GHz), and in the window channels (no distinct absorption lines) 243 and 340 GHz. We developed a Neural Network for each derived quantity. Because of the different water vapour sensitivities of the K-band and the G-band channels, the derived humidity profiles from combined HATPRO and MiRAC-P measurements were strongly improved compared to the HATPRO-only retrievals (see Walbröl et al. 2024; doi:10.5194/egusphere-2024-1301). Temperature profiles were retrieved from zenith observations using both HATPRO and MiRAC-P measurements (temp), and separately from ...