Combined effects of low pH and low oxygen on the early-life stages of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite

• Main Authors: Campanati, Camilla, Yip, Stella, Lane, Ackley Charles, Thiyagarajan, Vengatesen
• Format: Dataset
• Language: English
• Published: PANGAEA 2016
• Subjects: Alkalinity; total; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Arthropoda; Balanus amphitriterite; Bicarbonate ion; Biomass; ash free dry mass per individual; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon; inorganic; dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Clearance rate; standard deviation; Clearance rate per individual; Coast and continental shelf; Condition index; Development; EXP; Experiment; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Growth/Morphology; Growth rate; Identification; Laboratory experiment; Lipids per individual; North Pacific; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Oxygen; Pak_sha_wan; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pelagos; Percentage; standard error; pH; Potentiometric; Potentiometric titration; Registration number of species; Pacific; Ocean acidification
• Online Access: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.859435; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.859435

Ocean acidification (OA) is anticipated to interact with the more frequently occurring hypoxic conditions in shallow coastal environments. These could exert extreme stress on the barnacle-dominated fouling communities. However, the interactive effect of these two emerging stressors on early-life stages of fouling organisms remains poorly studied. We investigated both the independent and interactive effect of low pH (7.6 vs. ambient 8.2) and low oxygen (LO; 3 mg/l vs. ambient 5 mg/l) from larval development through settlement (attachment and metamorphosis) and juvenile growth of the widespread fouling barnacle, Balanus amphitrite. In particular, we focused on the critical transition between planktonic and benthic phases to examine potential limiting factors (i.e. larval energy storage and the ability to perceive cues) that may restrain barnacle recruitment under the interactive stressors. LO significantly slowed naupliar development, while the interaction with low pH (LO-LP) seemed to alleviate the negative effect. However, 20-50% of the larvae became cyprid within 4 d post-hatching, regardless of treatment. Under the two stressors interaction (LO-LP), the barnacle larvae increased their feeding rate, which may explain why their energy reserves at competency were not different from any other treatment. In the absence of a settlement-inducing cue, a significantly lower percentage of cyprids (15% lower) settled in LO and LO-LP. The presence of an inducing cue, however, elevated attachment up to 50-70% equally across all treatments. Post-metamorphic growth was not altered, although the condition index was different between LO and LO-LP treatments, potentially indicating that less and/or weaker calcified structures were developed when the two stressors were experienced simultaneously. LO was the major driver for the responses observed and its interaction with low pH should be considered in future studies to avoid underestimating the sensitivity of biofouling species to OA and associated climate change stressors.