Vitamin D in northern latitudes: Intake and status in Icelandic children
Background: Adequate nutrition in childhood is essential for growth, development and health. Vitamin D supplement use is recommended in Iceland, starting in infancy. Little information exists on the vitamin D status of Icelandic infants and children. Vitamin D has been suggested to affect the develo...
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University of Iceland, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition
2018
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ftopinvisindi:oai:opinvisindi.is:20.500.11815/919 2023-05-15T16:52:58+02:00 Vitamin D in northern latitudes: Intake and status in Icelandic children D-vítamín á norðlægum slóðum: Inntaka og búskapur íslenskra barna. Þórisdóttir, Birna Ingibjörg Gunnarsdóttir og Bryndís Eva Birgisdóttir Matvæla- og næringarfræðideild (HÍ) Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition (UI) Heilbrigðisvísindasvið (HÍ) School of Health Sciences (UI) Háskóli Íslands University of Iceland 2018-08 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/919 en eng University of Iceland, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition 9789935939449 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/919 info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess Infant Child Vitamin D Nutrition policy Public health Ungbörn Börn D vítamín Næringarfræði Næringarstefna Doktorsritgerðir info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis 2018 ftopinvisindi https://doi.org/20.500.11815/919 2022-11-18T06:51:41Z Background: Adequate nutrition in childhood is essential for growth, development and health. Vitamin D supplement use is recommended in Iceland, starting in infancy. Little information exists on the vitamin D status of Icelandic infants and children. Vitamin D has been suggested to affect the development of sensitization to food allergens and food allergy. Aim: To study adherence to dietary guidelines among 6-year-old children (paper I), their vitamin D intake and vitamin D status at 12 months and 6 years (papers II and III) and compare vitamin D and feeding in infancy between 6-year-old children IgE-sensitized to food allergens and non-sensitized children (paper IV). Methods: The study population is a nationally representative Icelandic cohort of infants born in 2005, followed up at 6 years of age. Three-day weighed food records were kept at 9 months (n=196), 12 months (n=170) and 6 years (n=162). Total vitamin D intake was calculated from both diet and supplements. Further infant nutrition data was collected by dietary history from birth to 5 months and by monthly 1-day food records at 5-8 and 10-11 months of age. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured at 12 months (n=76) and 6 years (n=139) and serum-specific IgE-antibodies against food at 6 years (n=144). Cut-off values for vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency, sufficiency and possibly adversely high levels were set at 25(OH)D <30 nmol/L, 30-50 nmol/L, >50 nmol/L and >125 nmol/L, respectively. The cut-off value for sensitization was set at specific IgE ≥0.35 kUA/L. Results: Adherence to dietary guidelines varied among 6-year-old children but was poor in general. A quarter, or less, of the children followed the guidelines for fruit and vegetables, fish, wholegrain bread and other fiber-rich cereals and vitamin D supplements. The food intake was mirrored in a non-optimal distribution of macronutrients, fiber and salt intake. Vitamin and mineral density of the diet seemed however adequate, except for vitamin D. Supplements (fish liver oil or ... Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis Iceland Opin vísindi (Iceland) |
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Opin vísindi (Iceland) |
op_collection_id |
ftopinvisindi |
language |
English |
topic |
Infant Child Vitamin D Nutrition policy Public health Ungbörn Börn D vítamín Næringarfræði Næringarstefna Doktorsritgerðir |
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Infant Child Vitamin D Nutrition policy Public health Ungbörn Börn D vítamín Næringarfræði Næringarstefna Doktorsritgerðir Þórisdóttir, Birna Vitamin D in northern latitudes: Intake and status in Icelandic children |
topic_facet |
Infant Child Vitamin D Nutrition policy Public health Ungbörn Börn D vítamín Næringarfræði Næringarstefna Doktorsritgerðir |
description |
Background: Adequate nutrition in childhood is essential for growth, development and health. Vitamin D supplement use is recommended in Iceland, starting in infancy. Little information exists on the vitamin D status of Icelandic infants and children. Vitamin D has been suggested to affect the development of sensitization to food allergens and food allergy. Aim: To study adherence to dietary guidelines among 6-year-old children (paper I), their vitamin D intake and vitamin D status at 12 months and 6 years (papers II and III) and compare vitamin D and feeding in infancy between 6-year-old children IgE-sensitized to food allergens and non-sensitized children (paper IV). Methods: The study population is a nationally representative Icelandic cohort of infants born in 2005, followed up at 6 years of age. Three-day weighed food records were kept at 9 months (n=196), 12 months (n=170) and 6 years (n=162). Total vitamin D intake was calculated from both diet and supplements. Further infant nutrition data was collected by dietary history from birth to 5 months and by monthly 1-day food records at 5-8 and 10-11 months of age. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured at 12 months (n=76) and 6 years (n=139) and serum-specific IgE-antibodies against food at 6 years (n=144). Cut-off values for vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency, sufficiency and possibly adversely high levels were set at 25(OH)D <30 nmol/L, 30-50 nmol/L, >50 nmol/L and >125 nmol/L, respectively. The cut-off value for sensitization was set at specific IgE ≥0.35 kUA/L. Results: Adherence to dietary guidelines varied among 6-year-old children but was poor in general. A quarter, or less, of the children followed the guidelines for fruit and vegetables, fish, wholegrain bread and other fiber-rich cereals and vitamin D supplements. The food intake was mirrored in a non-optimal distribution of macronutrients, fiber and salt intake. Vitamin and mineral density of the diet seemed however adequate, except for vitamin D. Supplements (fish liver oil or ... |
author2 |
Ingibjörg Gunnarsdóttir og Bryndís Eva Birgisdóttir Matvæla- og næringarfræðideild (HÍ) Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition (UI) Heilbrigðisvísindasvið (HÍ) School of Health Sciences (UI) Háskóli Íslands University of Iceland |
format |
Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
author |
Þórisdóttir, Birna |
author_facet |
Þórisdóttir, Birna |
author_sort |
Þórisdóttir, Birna |
title |
Vitamin D in northern latitudes: Intake and status in Icelandic children |
title_short |
Vitamin D in northern latitudes: Intake and status in Icelandic children |
title_full |
Vitamin D in northern latitudes: Intake and status in Icelandic children |
title_fullStr |
Vitamin D in northern latitudes: Intake and status in Icelandic children |
title_full_unstemmed |
Vitamin D in northern latitudes: Intake and status in Icelandic children |
title_sort |
vitamin d in northern latitudes: intake and status in icelandic children |
publisher |
University of Iceland, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/919 |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_relation |
9789935939449 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/919 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/20.500.11815/919 |
_version_ |
1766043478601498624 |