Ground-Based Measurements of the 2014–2015 Holuhraun Volcanic Cloud (Iceland)
he 2014–2015 Bárðarbunga fissure eruption at Holuhraun in central Iceland was distinguished by the high emission of gases, in total 9.6 Mt SO2, with almost no tephra. This work collates all ground-based measurements of this extraordinary eruption cloud made under particularly challenging conditions:...
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/700 https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8010029 |
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ftopinvisindi:oai:opinvisindi.is:20.500.11815/700 2023-05-15T16:48:42+02:00 Ground-Based Measurements of the 2014–2015 Holuhraun Volcanic Cloud (Iceland) Pfeffer, Melissa Bergsson, Baldur Barsotti, Sara Stefansdottir, Gerdur Galle, Bo Arellano, Santiago Conde, Vladimir Donovan, Amy Ilyinskaya, Evgenia Burton, Mike Aiuppa, Alessandro Whitty, Rachel Simmons, Isla Arason, Þórður Jónasdóttir, Elín Keller, Nicole Yeo, Richard Arngrímsson, Hermann Jóhannsson, Þorsteinn Butwin, Mary Askew, Robert Dumont, Stéphanie von Löwis, Sibylle Ingvarsson, Þorgils La Spina, Alessandro Thomas, Helen Prata, Fred Grassa, Fausto Giudice, Gaetano Stefansson, Andri Marzano, Frank Montopoli, Mario Mereu, Luigi Jarðvísindastofnun (HÍ) Institute of Earth Sciences (UI) Verkfræði- og náttúruvísindasvið (HÍ) School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (UI) Háskóli Íslands University of Iceland 2018-01-18 29 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/700 https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8010029 en eng MDPI AG "info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/308377" Geosciences;8(1) http://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/8/1/29/pdf Pfeffer, M., Bergsson, B., Barsotti, S., Stefánsdóttir, G., Galle, B., Arellano, S., . . . Mereu, L. (2018). Ground-Based Measurements of the 2014–2015 Holuhraun Volcanic Cloud (Iceland). Geosciences, 8(1), 29. doi:10.3390/geosciences8010029 2076-3263 2076-3263 (eISSN) https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/700 Geosciences doi:10.3390/geosciences8010029 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Holuhraun Bárðarbunga Gas SO2 Cloud height Eruption monitoring Fissure eruption Eldgos Sprungugos Lofttegundir Gosmökkur Brennisteinsdíoxíð info:eu-repo/semantics/article 2018 ftopinvisindi https://doi.org/20.500.11815/700 https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8010029 2022-11-18T06:51:36Z he 2014–2015 Bárðarbunga fissure eruption at Holuhraun in central Iceland was distinguished by the high emission of gases, in total 9.6 Mt SO2, with almost no tephra. This work collates all ground-based measurements of this extraordinary eruption cloud made under particularly challenging conditions: remote location, optically dense cloud with high SO2 column amounts, low UV intensity, frequent clouds and precipitation, an extensive and hot lava field, developing ramparts, and high-latitude winter conditions. Semi-continuous measurements of SO2 flux with three scanning DOAS instruments were augmented by car traverses along the ring-road and along the lava. The ratios of other gases/SO2 were measured by OP-FTIR, MultiGAS, and filter packs. Ratios of SO2/HCl = 30–110 and SO2/HF = 30–130 show a halogen-poor eruption cloud. Scientists on-site reported extremely minor tephra production during the eruption. OPC and filter packs showed low particle concentrations similar to non-eruption cloud conditions. Three weather radars detected a droplet-rich eruption cloud. Top of eruption cloud heights of 0.3–5.5 km agl were measured with ground- and aircraft-based visual observations, web camera and NicAIR II infrared images, triangulation of scanning DOAS instruments, and the location of SO2 peaks measured by DOAS traverses. Cloud height and emission rate measurements were critical for initializing gas dispersal simulations for hazard forecasting. his work was greatly supported by the FUTUREVOLC project funded by the European Union's Seventh Program for research, technological development, and demonstration under grant agreement No 308377. BG and SA acknowledge a grant from the Swedish Research Council FORMAS. EI acknowledges NERC urgency grant NE/M021130/1. Peer Reviewed Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland Opin vísindi (Iceland) Holuhraun ENVELOPE(-16.831,-16.831,64.852,64.852) Geosciences 8 1 29 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Opin vísindi (Iceland) |
op_collection_id |
ftopinvisindi |
language |
English |
topic |
Holuhraun Bárðarbunga Gas SO2 Cloud height Eruption monitoring Fissure eruption Eldgos Sprungugos Lofttegundir Gosmökkur Brennisteinsdíoxíð |
spellingShingle |
Holuhraun Bárðarbunga Gas SO2 Cloud height Eruption monitoring Fissure eruption Eldgos Sprungugos Lofttegundir Gosmökkur Brennisteinsdíoxíð Pfeffer, Melissa Bergsson, Baldur Barsotti, Sara Stefansdottir, Gerdur Galle, Bo Arellano, Santiago Conde, Vladimir Donovan, Amy Ilyinskaya, Evgenia Burton, Mike Aiuppa, Alessandro Whitty, Rachel Simmons, Isla Arason, Þórður Jónasdóttir, Elín Keller, Nicole Yeo, Richard Arngrímsson, Hermann Jóhannsson, Þorsteinn Butwin, Mary Askew, Robert Dumont, Stéphanie von Löwis, Sibylle Ingvarsson, Þorgils La Spina, Alessandro Thomas, Helen Prata, Fred Grassa, Fausto Giudice, Gaetano Stefansson, Andri Marzano, Frank Montopoli, Mario Mereu, Luigi Ground-Based Measurements of the 2014–2015 Holuhraun Volcanic Cloud (Iceland) |
topic_facet |
Holuhraun Bárðarbunga Gas SO2 Cloud height Eruption monitoring Fissure eruption Eldgos Sprungugos Lofttegundir Gosmökkur Brennisteinsdíoxíð |
description |
he 2014–2015 Bárðarbunga fissure eruption at Holuhraun in central Iceland was distinguished by the high emission of gases, in total 9.6 Mt SO2, with almost no tephra. This work collates all ground-based measurements of this extraordinary eruption cloud made under particularly challenging conditions: remote location, optically dense cloud with high SO2 column amounts, low UV intensity, frequent clouds and precipitation, an extensive and hot lava field, developing ramparts, and high-latitude winter conditions. Semi-continuous measurements of SO2 flux with three scanning DOAS instruments were augmented by car traverses along the ring-road and along the lava. The ratios of other gases/SO2 were measured by OP-FTIR, MultiGAS, and filter packs. Ratios of SO2/HCl = 30–110 and SO2/HF = 30–130 show a halogen-poor eruption cloud. Scientists on-site reported extremely minor tephra production during the eruption. OPC and filter packs showed low particle concentrations similar to non-eruption cloud conditions. Three weather radars detected a droplet-rich eruption cloud. Top of eruption cloud heights of 0.3–5.5 km agl were measured with ground- and aircraft-based visual observations, web camera and NicAIR II infrared images, triangulation of scanning DOAS instruments, and the location of SO2 peaks measured by DOAS traverses. Cloud height and emission rate measurements were critical for initializing gas dispersal simulations for hazard forecasting. his work was greatly supported by the FUTUREVOLC project funded by the European Union's Seventh Program for research, technological development, and demonstration under grant agreement No 308377. BG and SA acknowledge a grant from the Swedish Research Council FORMAS. EI acknowledges NERC urgency grant NE/M021130/1. Peer Reviewed |
author2 |
Jarðvísindastofnun (HÍ) Institute of Earth Sciences (UI) Verkfræði- og náttúruvísindasvið (HÍ) School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (UI) Háskóli Íslands University of Iceland |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Pfeffer, Melissa Bergsson, Baldur Barsotti, Sara Stefansdottir, Gerdur Galle, Bo Arellano, Santiago Conde, Vladimir Donovan, Amy Ilyinskaya, Evgenia Burton, Mike Aiuppa, Alessandro Whitty, Rachel Simmons, Isla Arason, Þórður Jónasdóttir, Elín Keller, Nicole Yeo, Richard Arngrímsson, Hermann Jóhannsson, Þorsteinn Butwin, Mary Askew, Robert Dumont, Stéphanie von Löwis, Sibylle Ingvarsson, Þorgils La Spina, Alessandro Thomas, Helen Prata, Fred Grassa, Fausto Giudice, Gaetano Stefansson, Andri Marzano, Frank Montopoli, Mario Mereu, Luigi |
author_facet |
Pfeffer, Melissa Bergsson, Baldur Barsotti, Sara Stefansdottir, Gerdur Galle, Bo Arellano, Santiago Conde, Vladimir Donovan, Amy Ilyinskaya, Evgenia Burton, Mike Aiuppa, Alessandro Whitty, Rachel Simmons, Isla Arason, Þórður Jónasdóttir, Elín Keller, Nicole Yeo, Richard Arngrímsson, Hermann Jóhannsson, Þorsteinn Butwin, Mary Askew, Robert Dumont, Stéphanie von Löwis, Sibylle Ingvarsson, Þorgils La Spina, Alessandro Thomas, Helen Prata, Fred Grassa, Fausto Giudice, Gaetano Stefansson, Andri Marzano, Frank Montopoli, Mario Mereu, Luigi |
author_sort |
Pfeffer, Melissa |
title |
Ground-Based Measurements of the 2014–2015 Holuhraun Volcanic Cloud (Iceland) |
title_short |
Ground-Based Measurements of the 2014–2015 Holuhraun Volcanic Cloud (Iceland) |
title_full |
Ground-Based Measurements of the 2014–2015 Holuhraun Volcanic Cloud (Iceland) |
title_fullStr |
Ground-Based Measurements of the 2014–2015 Holuhraun Volcanic Cloud (Iceland) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ground-Based Measurements of the 2014–2015 Holuhraun Volcanic Cloud (Iceland) |
title_sort |
ground-based measurements of the 2014–2015 holuhraun volcanic cloud (iceland) |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/700 https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8010029 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-16.831,-16.831,64.852,64.852) |
geographic |
Holuhraun |
geographic_facet |
Holuhraun |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_relation |
"info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/308377" Geosciences;8(1) http://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/8/1/29/pdf Pfeffer, M., Bergsson, B., Barsotti, S., Stefánsdóttir, G., Galle, B., Arellano, S., . . . Mereu, L. (2018). Ground-Based Measurements of the 2014–2015 Holuhraun Volcanic Cloud (Iceland). Geosciences, 8(1), 29. doi:10.3390/geosciences8010029 2076-3263 2076-3263 (eISSN) https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/700 Geosciences doi:10.3390/geosciences8010029 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/20.500.11815/700 https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8010029 |
container_title |
Geosciences |
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8 |
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1 |
container_start_page |
29 |
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1766038785613627392 |