PALEO-PGEM v1.0: a statistical emulator of Pliocene–Pleistocene climate

• Published in: Geoscientific Model Development
• Main Authors: Holden, Philip B., Edwards, Neil R., Rangel, Thiago F., Pereira, Elisa B., Tran, Giang T., Wllkinson, Richard D.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: unknown
• Published: 2019
• Subjects: Ice Sheet
• Online Access: https://oro.open.ac.uk/68467/; https://oro.open.ac.uk/68467/1/2019_Holden_PALEO-PGEM_GMD.pdf; https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-5137-2019

We describe the development of the “Paleoclimate PLASIM-GENIE (Planet Simulator–Grid-Enabled Integrated Earth system model) emulator” PALEO-PGEM and its application to derive a downscaled high-resolution spatio-temporal description of the climate of the last 5×10 6 years. The 5×10 6 -year time frame is interesting for a range of paleo-environmental questions, not least because it encompasses the evolution of humans. However, the choice of time frame was primarily pragmatic; tectonic changes can be neglected to first order, so that it is reasonable to consider climate forcing restricted to the Earth's orbital configuration, ice-sheet state, and the concentration of atmosphere CO 2 . The approach uses the Gaussian process emulation of the singular value decomposition of ensembles of the intermediate-complexity atmosphere–ocean GCM (general circulation model) PLASIM-GENIE. Spatial fields of bioclimatic variables of surface air temperature (warmest and coolest seasons) and precipitation (wettest and driest seasons) are emulated at 1000-year intervals, driven by time series of scalar boundary-condition forcing (CO 2 , orbit, and ice volume) and assuming the climate is in quasi-equilibrium. Paleoclimate anomalies at climate model resolution are interpolated onto the observed modern climatology to produce a high-resolution spatio-temporal paleoclimate reconstruction of the Pliocene–Pleistocene.