| Summary: | Cet article général entend situer les Komis dans la famille finno-ougrienne et donner un aperçu de leurs caractéristiques, permettant au lecteur de replacer dans leur contexte les informations contenues dans les communications suivantes. The aim of this article is to situate the Komi within the Finno-Ugric linguistic family and to give an overview of their peculiar features that would allow the reader to place in a wider context the data commented upon in the following presentations.The article introduces the Volga-Permic group and its members and then concentrates on the different Komi ethnographic groups, the marginal Permiaks and Ižma Komi. Later it focuses mainly on the fate of the Zyrians and emphasises the old contacts with the Russian world, which have had a thorough influence on Komi life. After having mentioned the central impact of the early Christianisation of the Komi region, I mention as a consequence of the early integration of the Komi into the Empire the formation of an intelligentsia much earlier than elsewhere in the Finno-Ugric world, commenting briefly upon the role of Ivan Kuratov, Georgij Lytkin and Kallistrat Žakov.The focus will then shift to the beginning of the Soviet period, with the autonomy given to the Komi and how the Komi communists tried to take advantage of this, showing the main aspects of their national policy, mainly about language and territory. However, the Stalinist repressions put a full stop to this kind of endeavour all over Russia, and in the non-Russian regions most ferociously.Still they must go on living: the article shows how the Komi adapted to the Soviet regime after World War II, and how the demographic trends and the new dispositions about school changed the linguistic situation. The article ends with some reflections about Komi identity today. Цель этой статьи – показать место коми в финно-угорской языковой семье и рассказать об их особенностях, что позволит читателю рассмотреть приведенные в следующих презентациях данные более подробно.Статья знакомит с ...
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