Studying the metabolism of toxic chemical warfare agent-related phenylarsenic chemicals in vitro in cod liver

Large quantities of chemical warfare agents (CWAs), such as phenylarsenic chemicals, were disposed by seadumping after World War II. Nowadays, the release of these toxic chemicals from munitions poses a potential threat to living organisms. This study investigates the fate of these chemicals in fish...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of Hazardous Materials
Main Authors: Niemikoski, Hanna, Koske, Daniel, Kammann, Ulrike, Lang, Thomas, Vanninen, Paula
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: 2020
Subjects:
Text
ddc:570
Chemical warfare agent > Arsenic > Fish > In vitro metabolism > High-resolution mass spectrometry
Gadus morhua
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122221
https://www.openagrar.de/receive/openagrar_mods_00064436
https://www.openagrar.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/openagrar_derivate_00033558/dn062096.pdf
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Summary:Large quantities of chemical warfare agents (CWAs), such as phenylarsenic chemicals, were disposed by seadumping after World War II. Nowadays, the release of these toxic chemicals from munitions poses a potential threat to living organisms. This study investigates the fate of these chemicals in fish by exposing selected CWArelated phenylarsenic chemicals and their oxidation products to cod (Gadus morhua) liver S9 fraction in vitro. Clark I (DA), Adamsite (DM) and their corresponding oxidation products as well as triphenylarsine oxide (TPA[ox]) and phenylarsonic acid (PDCA[ox]) were used as chemicals in in vitro experiments. Glutathione (GSH) conjugates of DA, DM and PDCA-related chemicals were found to be the most dominant metabolites, and methylated metabolites were detected as well, suggesting that these compounds are metabolised in the presence of cod liver enzymes. TPA[ox] was the only compound tested that did not form a GSH conjugate or methylated metabolite, indicating a different biotransformation pathway for this compound. Furthermore, hydroxylated metabolites were detected for each tested chemical. Due to their reactive nature, GSH conjugates may be difficult to detect in fish samples from CWA dumpsites. In contrast, both methylated and hydroxylated metabolites of phenylarsenic chemicals are promising target chemicals for the detection of CWA-related contamination in fish.

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