Weakening of Cold Halocline Layer Exposes Sea Ice to Oceanic Heat in the Eastern Arctic Ocean

A 15-yr duration record of mooring observations from the eastern (>70°E) Eurasian Basin (EB) of the Arctic Ocean is used to show and quantify the recently increased oceanic heat flux from intermediate-depth (~150–900 m) warm Atlantic Water (AW) to the surface mixed layer and sea ice. The upward r...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of Climate
Main Authors: Polyakov, Igor V., Rippeth, Tom P., Fer, Ilker, Alkire, Matthew B., Baumann, Till M., Carmack, Eddy C., Ingvaldsen, Randi, Ivanov, Vladimir V., Janout, Markus, Lind, Sigrid, Padman, Laurie, Pnyushkov, Andrey V., Rember, Robert
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: AMS (American Meterological Society) 2020
Subjects:
Arctic
Arctic Ocean
albedo
Sea ice
Online Access:https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/53148/
https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/53148/7/%5B15200442%20-%20Journal%20of%20Climate%5D%20Weakening%20of%20Cold%20Halocline%20Layer%20Exposes%20Sea%20Ice%20to%20Oceanic%20Heat%20in%20the%20Eastern%20Arctic%20Ocean.pdf
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0976.1
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Summary:A 15-yr duration record of mooring observations from the eastern (>70°E) Eurasian Basin (EB) of the Arctic Ocean is used to show and quantify the recently increased oceanic heat flux from intermediate-depth (~150–900 m) warm Atlantic Water (AW) to the surface mixed layer and sea ice. The upward release of AW heat is regulated by the stability of the overlying halocline, which we show has weakened substantially in recent years. Shoaling of the AW has also contributed, with observations in winter 2017–18 showing AW at only 80 m depth, just below the wintertime surface mixed layer, the shallowest in our mooring records. The weakening of the halocline for several months at this time implies that AW heat was linked to winter convection associated with brine rejection during sea ice formation. This resulted in a substantial increase of upward oceanic heat flux during the winter season, from an average of 3–4 W m−2 in 2007–08 to >10 W m−2 in 2016–18. This seasonal AW heat loss in the eastern EB is equivalent to a more than a twofold reduction of winter ice growth. These changes imply a positive feedback as reduced sea ice cover permits increased mixing, augmenting the summer-dominated ice-albedo feedback.

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