Porpoise Alertin Device (PAL) Field-test of potential warning signals for harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in the Belt Sea, Denmark
Every year, large numbers of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) perish accidentally in coastal and high sea commercial fishing gear as so-called bycatch. This bycatch can be significantly reduced through the deployment of pingers (acoustic deterrent devices). Due to the proven efficiency of pinge...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
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2013
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| Online Access: | https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/29570/ https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/29570/1/M.Sc.%202013%20M%C3%BCller,%20V.pdf |
| Summary: | Every year, large numbers of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) perish accidentally in coastal and high sea commercial fishing gear as so-called bycatch. This bycatch can be significantly reduced through the deployment of pingers (acoustic deterrent devices). Due to the proven efficiency of pingers, they are now mandatory in several countries. However, concerns have been raised that the continuous source of noise might lead to habituation, habitat exclusion and noise pollution. It has not been resolved as to why harbour porpoises become entangled in gillnets. The porpoises might not pay sufficient attention to their surroundings or they do not echolocate continuously. Alerting the animals without deterring them seems, therefore, to be a good alternative. Negative effects of the pinger, such as habitat exclusion from important feeding grounds and underwater noise pollution would be reduced through this new method. Further, porpoises might have the chance to decrease the possibility of becoming entangled through an increased awareness to their surroundings. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the reaction of free-living harbour porpoises towards synthetic porpoise-like alerting sounds. The new PAL (Porpoise Alerting Device) simulating aggressive porpoise click trains (SL 154db ± 2dB p-p re lμPa at 1 m; 133 kHz ± 0,5kHz} was tested during six experimental trips from July - October 2012 in the Little and the Great Belt, Denmark. Predominantly, groups of two harbour porpoises (37.5 %; N=445) and single individuals (35.7 %) were sighted in the Little and the Great Belt during observations. Visual and acoustic data shows a decreasing trend of porpoise abundance after August. Significantly more harbour porpoise groups were sighted in the morning and in the evening compared to the mid-day period (p=0.02; N=4}. The working hypothesis is that the approaching harbour porpoises would increase their echolocation activity to identify the 'aggressor'. Three hypotheses were tested: 1) Active PAL will increase ... |
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