低魚粉飼料中添加含磷礦物質對赤鰭笛鯛成長之影響

• Main Authors: 黃至德, Huang, Chih-Te
• Other Authors: 廖文亮, 臺灣大學：漁業科學研究所
• Format: Text
• Language: Chinese; English
• Published: 2007
• Subjects: 低魚粉; 磷酸鹽; 含磷礦物質; 赤鰭笛鯛; 南極蝦粉; 成長; 磷; low fish meal; inorganic phosphate; the growth performance; red striped snapper; krill meal; phosphorus; Arctic
• Online Access: http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/246246/59346; http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/59346/1/ntu-96-R94b45001-1.pdf

本研究目的為探討利用低魚粉的飼料餵食赤鰭笛鯛所需補充之磷礦物質添加量，以滿足其在成長的所需。本試驗共分為二部份： 試驗一：無魚粉飼料中添加含磷礦物質對成長之影響。對照組（Feed 1）以60％的魚粉為飼料主要成分，並添加5%預混礦物質；實驗組（Feed 2-Feed 10）魚粉為0%，使用烏賊粉7.5%、南極蝦粉10%、羽扇豆粉20%、玉米蛋白20%及菜籽粕10%為替代原料。Feed 2添加5%預混礦物質，Feed 3無添加含磷礦物質，在Feed 4-Feed 6飼料之5%預混礦物質中分別刪除第一磷酸鈉（NaH2PO4．2H2O）、第一磷酸鉀（KH2PO4）、第一磷酸鈣（Ca(H2PO4)2．H2O），Feed 7-Feed 10對預混礦物質中的第一磷酸鈣做15、 20、25、30%梯度增加為實驗變項。赤鰭笛鯛幼魚8.88g為試驗對象，飼養42天。飼養結果顯示對照組的增重率（WG, weight gain）為251，飼料效率（FE, feed efficiency）92；實驗組以Feed 9 (Ca25)為最佳，其WG及FE分別為188及74。經分析飼料含磷量、成長表現及脊椎含磷量，得赤鰭笛鯛飼料的最適含磷量為1.66 ~ 1.88%。 試驗二：低魚粉飼料中添加含磷礦物質對成長之影響。對照組（Feed 1）同試驗一；實驗組Feed 2(FM60NM)以60％魚粉為主原料且不加預混礦物質。Feed 3-Feed 6使用25％動物性原料（魚粉10％、烏賊粉5%、南極蝦粉10%）、45％（羽扇豆粉20%、玉米蛋白15%、菜籽粕10%）的植物性原料。Feed 3添加預混礦物質；Feed 4添加含有20％第一磷酸鈣的預混礦物質；Feed 5添加含有25％第一磷酸鈣的預混礦物質；Feed 6添加無含磷的預混礦物質。赤鰭笛鯛幼魚8.09g為試驗對象，飼養56天。結果顯示對照組（FM60）WG及FE為290及54；實驗組之Feed 5的WG為312最佳。由分析成長表現及飼料的含磷量，得飼料中最適含磷量為1.78%。 依本研究試驗結果，添加5%的含有25%第一磷酸鈣的預混礦物質，可將魚粉量由60%降低至10%而不影響赤鰭笛鯛成長。 To gather the information for the development of less P loading diets through the combination of alternate protein sources that provide a more available P source for red striped snapper（Lutjanus erythropterus）, two trials on the diets of juvenile snappers with reducing phosphorus (P) loading are studied. This research was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementary inorganic phosphate in mineral mixture. Growth performance, feed efficiency, P concentration of vertebrae were compared between duplicate groups of fish reared with control diet formulated with 60% fish meal. The experimental diets were formulated with non-fish meal（first trial）and low level of fish meal (FM, 10%) （second trial）,and both of these diets contained the low-P ingredients－squid meal (7.5%), lupin meal (20%), corn gluten meal (20%),and rapeseed meal(10%). In the first trial, Some or all of the compositions－NaH2PO4, KH2PO4, Ca(H2PO4)2 in 5% mineral premixture were eliminated in most of the diets, and some were supplied with graded Ca(H2PO4)2（15, 20, 25, 30%）in 5% mineral premixture, respectively. These diets were fed to juvenile snapper (8.88g) for 42 days. The results showed the optimal phosphorus（P） level of the diet was 1.68-1.88%. In the second trial, control and experimental diets formulated with animal and vegetative ingredients were fed to juvenile snapper (8.09g) for 56 days. One of the experimental diets was mainly formulated with 60% fish meal, and not added with any mineral; four of those were added with 10% fish meal, and also varied in the amount of phosphate in mineral mixture. The results showed the optimal P level of the diet was 1.78%. 誌謝 --- Ⅰ 中文摘要 --- Ⅱ 英文摘要 --- Ⅲ 目錄 --- Ⅳ 表目錄 --- Ⅴ 圖目錄 --- Ⅵ 前言 --- 1 實驗一：無魚粉飼料中添加含磷礦物質對成長之影響 壹、材料與方法 --- 10 貳、結果 --- 15 參、討論 --- 17 實驗二：低魚粉飼料中添加含磷礦物質對成長之影響 壹、材料與方法 --- 21 貳、結果 --- 23 參、討論 --- 25 總結 --- 28 參考文獻 --- 29 附錄 --- 37