船體雙層殼結構碰撞破壞分析

• Main Authors: 陳建邦, Chen, Jian-Bang
• Other Authors: 洪振發, 臺灣大學：工程科學及海洋工程學研究所
• Format: Thesis
• Language: Chinese; English
• Published: 2006
• Subjects: 船舶碰撞; 拉伸破壞; 穿透破壞; 摺皺破壞; 壓潰破壞; 雙層殼; ship collision; stretching mode; perforating mode; denting mode; double hull; Arctic
• Online Access: http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/246246/51020

碰撞與擱淺可造成船舶與海域結構的重大傷害，連帶油污外洩造成海洋生態浩劫，為防止此種災難發生或將災害降低至最少，美國海岸巡防署在15年前即強力導入油輪雙層殼設計以避免油輪船側遭撞擊時，外殼破裂導致油污外洩。船舶撞擊是非常複雜的力學問題，船舶不止包含多種不同的構件，同時各構件可能會有不同的破壞模式，因此過去許多學者為了分析船舶撞擊問題，把船舶的破壞型式歸納成幾種基本的破壞模式，然後再利用合理的簡化力學模型推導出簡化估算方法。雙層殼結構含有外殼、內殼以及緃橫交錯的構件，需先瞭解各構件之力學行為及其交互行為，才能作合理的簡化。本文推導船殼在受到側向撞擊產生的拉伸破壞與穿透破壞模式；肋骨受到腹板平面之面內方向撞擊產生摺皺破壞模式與撞擊點在交叉肋骨產生的壓潰破壞模式，等估算結構抗撞阻力的簡化公式並與有限元素分析作一比較。最後針對Wang(2000)實驗的雙層殼模型以有限元素分析檢討各部位破壞的過程，同時以本文估算式推算抗撞阻力與實驗結果進行比較，顯示本文的估算式計算結果在可接受範圍。 Collision and grounding may cause serious injury of ship structure and oil pollutions on the sea. In order to prevent this kind of disaster and reduce the loss, the US Coast Guard introduced the design of double-hull tankers to avoid the leakage of oil from the struck ship fifteen years ago. The mechanics of ship collision and grounding are very complex topics because the complexity of ship structure, and multiple failure modes may occurred for damaged parts. In the past decades, the damage modes have been categorized into different fundamental modes, and the approximated methods have also been developed based on the combinations of suitable fundamental modes. The structures of double-hull tanker includes side plate, inner plate, stiffeners, web frame, decks and girder, it is necessary to understand the failure mechanism of each component and the interaction of each part. In this paper the formulae to approximate the energy dissipation and the impact resistance of a stuck double-hull structure based on Stretching mode and folding mode have been derived. The denting mode of girder and crushing mode of the crossing girder also been discussed. In this paper FEM analysis were compared with the simplified estimate formulae. The double-hull models from Wang(2000) was selected as care study. The damage process of double-hull structures was analyzed by FEM, the result of experiment, FEM analysis and simplified estimate formulae are compared. The results show that the proposed approximate method have acceptable accuracies. 摘要 一 目錄 三 圖目錄 五 表目錄 八 第一章 導論 1 1.1研究動機及目的 1 1.2文獻回顧 3 1.3研究方法 6 第二章 雙層殼的基本力學行為 8 2.1研究內部力學使用的的材料特性 9 2.2應變率對材料的影響 12 2.3極限強度與網格大小的關係 13 2.4船體結構雙層殼遭受側向撞擊的破壞模式 15 第三章 船殼板的拉伸與穿透破壞之探討 21 3.1板的拉伸破壞探討 21 3.2板的穿透破壞探討 37 第四章 肋骨的摺皺破壞與壓潰破壞之探討 45 4.1摺皺破壞估算 45 4.2交叉肋骨的壓潰破壞估算 61 第五章 雙層殼遭受側向撞擊結構損壞分析 69 5.1分析模型介紹 69 5.2 P-50模型分析比較 74 5.3 W-50模型分析比較 81 5.4 C-50模型分析比較 87 第六章 結論與展望 93 6.1結果討論 93 6.2未來展望 94 參考文獻 95